Karlgeorg Hoefer designed Beneta in 1991, inspired by the Littera beneventana, the script of the Benedictine scribes from the 10th to the 12th century. During this time, scribes began to use wider pens and set them at a 45 degree angle to the paper, which caused their scripts to have radical stroke contrasts. This script was mainly used for books and certificates but disappeared by the end of the 13th century. Beneta revives the characteristics of this historic script, changing a line of text into an almost ornamental space. Beneta should be used in middle to larger point sizes for shorter texts and headlines.

Huxley Cyrillic is based on our Huxley Amore Bold, retaining all the Western and Central European characters of the latter, while adding upper and lower case Cyrillic characters. Huxley Cyrillic, like Huxley Amore, is visually simple and direct and yet sophisticated and unexpected. Those are the qualities that give it such freshness in so many applications. This font is intended for display use. It is highly condensed and is therefore difficult to read below 18 points. It works well at 36 points, but really works best at 48 points and larger. Huxley Cyrillic has 499 glyphs. I think we should have made at least one more!

The Corporate ASE typeface trilogy was designed by Prof. Kurt Weidemann, a well-known German designer and typographer, from 1985 until 1990. This superb trilogy consisting of the Corporate Antiqua, Corporte Sans Serif, and Corporate Egyptian is a design program of classical quality, perfectly in tune with each other. Weidemann says: My ASE trilogy, quite like triplets, is in perfect harmony and covers all needs of modern typography! Initially exclusively designed for DaimlerChrysler as a corporate font, the ASE trilogy may be now licensed and used without restriction. URW++ digitized the ASE for DaimlerChrysler and Prof. Weidemann and is the exclusive licencing agent for this outstanding and extremely popular typeface program.

Originally created with cutting in red litho film, as a headlining typeface for Vinyl music magazine. Its geometric structure was very applicable for early type design experiments on the computer. ...in the early 1980s, he (Max Kisman) became the designer of a small, independent music magazine Vinyl. This Amsterdam-based publication was set up very much as a response to the innovative British magazine, The Face. Responding to Neville Brody's radical designs for that magazine, Kisman began to experiment by creating new headline typefaces for each issue... (Emily King. New Faces: type design in the first decade of device-independent digital typesetting. 1987-1997.

An enchanting design by Otto Hupp for Gebr. Klingspor in 1909 provided the pattern for this timeless classic, which gracefully and seamlessly combines medieval inspiration with Art Nouveau flair. All versions of this font contain the complete Unicode Latin A character complement, with support for the Afrikaans, Albanian, Basque, Bosnian, Breton, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Finnish, Flemish, French, Frisian, German, Greenlandic, Hawaiian, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malay, Maltese, Maori, Moldavan, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Provençal, Rhaeto-Romanic, Romanian, Romany, Sámi, Samoan, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Tagalog, Turkish and Welsh languages, as well as discretionary ligatures and extended fractions.

Superba Pro is a condensed Egyptian font family with short ascenders and descenders. The dots on the lowercase ‘i’ and the German umlaut-vowels are square. Haas Type Foundry created the original Superba in 1928-1930. Steve Jackaman (ITF) designed and produced a digital version of the bold weight in 1992. In 2017, Jackaman completely redrew the bold weight, added an accompanying wide weight, and expanded the glyph set to support Central and Eastern European languages. Like other slab serif faces, Superba excels at display sizes and is comfortable at subhead sizes. ­ It is robust, and has “superb” legibility, allowing it to dominate attention in any project it is utilized in.

Floresta is a modern vintage serif font packaged in a modern and classy style, complete with access to your OpenType features to access a large selection of alternates letters and ligatures, the choice of letters you like from variations of uppercase and lowercase letters to get a display luxurious and elegant. Floresta Display has 433 glyphs with 11 ligatures and 197 alternates to beautify the design you like. This font is perfect for branding projects, Logo design, Clothing Branding, packaging, magazine headings, advertising, T-shirts, postcards and much more. Features · All Uppercase and Lowercase · Number & Symbol · Supported Languages · Alternates and Ligatures · PUA Encoded Thank you, Great Studio

This highly stylish, engraved blackletter font was cut by Rudolf Koch between 1919 and 1921 for Klingspor in Offenbach on Main. It was then sold under the name Deutsche Zierschrift. I completely redraw and extended this font and called it Zierfraktur. To take full advantage of this fine headline blackletter font, please use it from, at least, 18 points upward. This font contains a bunch of useful ligatures, and it is recommended to activate both Standard and Discretionary Ligatures. The round s can be reached by typing the # key, and you get the numero sign by typing the combination N-o-period and activating the OT feature Ordinals.

French designer Christophe Badani developed the Linotype Rough family in 1999. The family contains nine different typeface styles, each with a slightly different voice. The forms appear to have found a unique middle ground between hand-drawn letters and pure geometry, especially Linotype Rough Outline. Make sure to pay special notice to the true-italic forms in the three italic weights! Badani's attention to typographic detail is not to be missed. Linotype Rough is perfect for headlines and display work. The medium and bold weights can also function splendidly in text. The entire family is included in the TakeType 4 collection, available through Linotype."

Flamme was designed by Alan Meeks and appeared with ITC in 1993. It is a strong brush script with each stroke doubled and has a nostalgic, retro style. The 1930s and 40s saw an increase in the production of modern script typefaces in foundries all over the world. Expanding markets and their advertisements demanded more and more new typefaces, which then also appeared in newspapers and magazines. A distinguishing characteristic of these typefaces is their informal hastiness and calligraphic roots, a combination which was to embody progress and modernity. Flamme is best used for headlines and short texts in point sizes of 14 and larger.

British type designer Chris Burke created this sans FontFont between 1994 and 2004. The family has 8 weights, ranging from Regular to Black (including italics) and is ideally suited for book text, editorial and publishing as well as logo, branding and creative industries. FF Celeste Sans provides advanced typographical support with features such as ligatures, small capitals, alternate characters, case-sensitive forms, fractions, and super- and subscript characters. It comes with a complete range of figure set options – oldstyle and lining figures, each in tabular and proportional widths. This FontFont is a member of the FF Celeste super family, which also includes FF Celeste and FF Celeste Small Text.

Herculanum is a part of the 1990 program “Type before Gutenberg”, which included the work of twelve contemporary font designers and represented styles from across the ages. Herculanum is a work of Swiss typeface designer Adrian Frutiger. It takes its name from the city of Herculaneum, an ancient Roman resort town destroyed by volcanic pyroclastic flows from Mt Vesuvius in 79 AD (the same eruption that destroyed the nearby city of Pompeii). Herculaneum's ruins are located today in the commune of Ercolano, Campania, Italy. Ancient Roman writings of the 1st century influenced the font's design. Herculanum is distinguished by its broad characters with narrow strokes and its willful character.

Scriptek was created by British designer David Quai in 1992, based on the constructivist forms which became popular after the First World War with the progressing industrialization in Moskow. Typefaces such as Scriptek were often used in the propaganda of totalitarian political systems and can still be seen on monuments like the central train station in Milan or political posters of the 1930s and 40s. The robust Scriptek has strong serifs in the upper left and lower right of characters and this, together with the diagonal strokes of many lower case letters, gives the font a dynamic feel. Scriptek is best used for headlines and display.

This font was originally designed side by side with my first attempt at a semi serif typeface in 1997. The design made it through to full development only a couple years ago when our studio decided to complete the regular weight for a local project here in Bangkok. The face is a traditional serif with narrow stem (somewhat like sans serif) and industrial stroke. A good mix of Bangkok character where you can find Wat (old buddhist temple) next to futuristic high rise. This font was shown in Klingspor-Museum Offenbach, Germany, at a Typographic & Type Design exhibition Schrift in Form 3-26 September 2008.

Auriol and Auriol Flowers were designed by Georges Auriol, born Jean Georges Huyot, in the early 20th century. Auriol was a French graphic artist whose work exemplified the art nouveau style of Paris in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1900, Georges Peignot asked Auriol to design fonts for Peignot & Sons. The resulting Auriol font was the basis for the lettering used by Hector Guimard for the entrance signs to the Paris Metro. It was re-released by Deberny & Peignot in 1979 with a new bold face, designed by Matthew Carter. These decorative fonts with a brush stroke look are well-suited to display settings.

Released in 1993, Ocean Sans is a sans serif design created for Monotype by the talented Malaysian designer, Ong Chong Wah. The Ocean Sans font family has a distinct contrast between thick and thin strokes which sets it apart from the rather austere Grotesques with their more monotone appearance. Ocean Sans italic is an unusual design for a sans face, a strong cursive influence gives it a flowing rhythm not generally associated with sans serif italics. Ideal for text and display setting, the freshness of the Ocean Sans font family will give the user further scope in the design of catalogues, brochures, advertisements and flyers.

I started to work at the Bernhard Studio in 1952 to 1959 in New York. I helped with some type designs and many other projects, this two tiered signature was added on all of Bernhard’s art that was produced in the past and in his later years. In the 50’s I thought Bernhard’s Gothic face was quite a bit outdated but as you may know it has become one of todays most used faces. His signature is based on his Bernhard Gothic Font. With todays computer technology I have digitized the caps and added lower case glyphs with lower ascenders and other slight changes.

Arthur Baker's display script Sassafras, designed in 1995, is based on the natural inline effect created when writing with a split-metal nibbed pen. Black and white are nicely balanced, giving this calligraphic face a remarkably smooth appearance. The regular and italic versions of Sassafras include two alternate faces: one with long, tall ascenders and regular-length descenders, and one with shortened ascenders and descenders that allow it to fit where its companion might not. In both, the ascenders increase in width as they move upward, while the descenders taper to a fine point. This variety of form makes Sassafras a very flexible choice for display work.

It all started with a simple idea back in 1998: do a digital version of a "lost" 70's typeface, and make up the missing letters that were not present in the only available example Jeff Levine had to work with. Jeff wasn't yet doing his own digital font creation, so he hooked up with Brad Nelson who owns a small foundry called Brain Eaters Fonts. Together, they collaborated on "Action Is"- a freeware font named after the source of the type example. This was a title page for a commemorative photo album of images from the 60's TV music show "Where the Action Is", formerly hosted by Jeff's employer at the time, singer-writer-producer Steve Alaimo. The free font took off like a rocket, being released just at the peak of the 60’s/70’s retro craze in the late 1990’s, and it was EVERYWHERE! It showed up on TV shows, packaging and web design -- and was even spotted on signage used on the side of a major amusement resort’s retro-themed hotel. From that point on, Jeff kept getting requests for a version with a lower case. Although they shared the copyright in the freeware version, Brad Nelson gave Jeff his blessing to re-work and take Action Is into the realm of commercial type. Newly improved and re-released as Groovy Happening JNL, it became one of Jeff's better selling type designs. A simplified, yet similar font was issued called Groovy Summer JNL. Now, after about a decade, Jeff had decided to clean up the 3-D (drop shadow) version that was originally freeware with many minute design flaws and re-release it commercially. Groovy 3D Caps JNL is an all-caps, limited character set font which ties in well with the previous releases, yet retains itís 1960s-1970s era charm. The font flag art is courtesy of Barbara D. Berney and is used by permission.

The Brass Family has a lineage that extends into English history. About five hundred years ago a devout, but anonymous Englishman gave glory to the God he worshipped by designing the capital letters and decorations of these two fonts. Originally recorded in The History Of Mediaeval Alphabets And Devices by Henry Shaw (London 1853), they are described by Alexander Nesbitt in his Decorative Alphabets And Initials (Mineola, NY 1959) as “Initials and stop ornaments from brasses in Westminster Abbey.” I wish I could say I remember seeing them when I was there, but that was forty-two years ago and all I remember was seeing the tomb of Edward the Confessor. One definition of “stop” as a noun is a point of punctuation. I have heard people from the British Isles speak of a “full stop” when referring to a period. Some may remember a 19th century form of communication called a telegram being read aloud in an old movie, with the use of the word “stop” to indicate the end of a sentence or fragment. A full dozen of these stop ornaments are provided. They occupy positions 060, 062, 094, 123, 125, 126, 135, 137, 167, 172, 177 & 190. The Brass Family consists of two fonts: Brass and Brass Too. Both fonts have an identical upper case and ornaments, but paired with different lower cases. Although the typefaces from which the lower cases were drawn are both of modern design, both are interpretations of the textura style of blackletter in use in England when the upper case and ornaments were fashioned for the Abbey. Brass is paired with Morris Gothic, which matches the color of the upper case quite well. Brass Too is paired with Wedding Regular, which is distinctly lighter than the upper case. I find it very interesting how each connects differently. The resulting fonts are unusual and most useful for evoking an historic atmosphere.

Thalweg serif typeface is a project focused on the digitalization and development of the Thalweg font. The font was originally designed in 1993 by the Bulgarian artist Ivan Kyosev. In 2018 Ani Dimitrova began the revival of the Thalweg font and converted the drawings into a digital form. The existing set of characters required some necessary expansions such as the development of capital letters, alternative symbols and many other functions. Furthermore, some additional weights were developed which aimed to make the font more complete. Thalweg was completed in 2020 with 16 weights ranging from Thin to Black with extra drawn italics and small caps versions, each style containing more than 1100 glyphs. The font comes with an extended coverage of the Latin, Cyrillic and Greek Scripts. All of the weights are specifically equipped for complex, professional typography with Open Type Features. These features include: Small Caps, Ligatures, Discretionary Ligatures, Superscript, Subscript, Tabular Figures, Old-Style Figures, Circled Figures, Arrows, Matching currency symbols and fraction. The Thalweg serif typeface is a perfect choice for body text, branding design, web design, editorial design and more. Ivan Kyosev (1933-1994) was one of Bulgaria’s most famous artists whose work influenced several generations of bulgarian designers. He was born on February 5, 1933, in the city of Burgas. In 1957 he graduated in illustration at the National Academy of Art in Sofia led by Prof. Iliya Beshkov. Mr. Kyosev was a member in the management of the “Graphics and Illustration” section in the Union of Bulgarian Artists, member of the UBA board, artist in the publishing houses “September” and “World”. Together with Boris Angelushev, he worked on the layout design of the “Literary Front” newspaper. Furthermore, in 1963 - 1964 he was the main artist in the publishing house “Prosveta”. Ivan Kyosev excelled in the field of illustration, book design and library layouts in various genres (classics, children's literature, poetry, journalism, memoirs, etc.). He is also the author of many fonts.

Iwan Stencil is a new revival of an old display typeface. Based on type originally designed by Jan Tschichold in 1929, the style was revived by Klaus Sutter in 2008. The letterforms in this peculiar design are very high contrast; all of the thin bits are much thinner than the thick parts. They have a modern, upright axis. All in all, the creation has a bit of a Bodoni-gone-crazy touch. The thin elements are the unique part of the design that binds this face together. They almost naturally fade away in the stencil gaps (or pylons), making you wonder if you are really looking at a stencil face at all. These thins contribute greatly to the typeface's overall serif-style, making the design at least a semi serif typeface, if not a full serif one. The lowercase n, for instance, has no serifs of its own, but many of the other letters have clear ones, or serif-like terminals. A serif stencil face is a peculiar variety, especially in this day and age, but in the past they were much more common, if not the norm, The Iwan Stencil typeface has only one weight. Naturally, this is just for display. Use Iwan Stencil to cut real stencils, or only to create the effect of stenciled type in your design work. Ivan Stencil includes all of the characters that you have come to expect in a font. Just because this design was originally made in 1929 does not mean that is has a 1929 character set. Instead, it includes a 21st century, with extended European language support Jan Tschichold, who we have to thank for today's Iwan Stencil inspiration, was a man of many faces. A trained calligrapher who went on to codify the New Typography, would go on to become a teacher, a classical book designer, and the creator of the Sabon typeface. Like all young designers, he was occasionally in need of money. Before his emigration from Germany in 1933, he took on many kinds of commissions. In the late 1920s, a time full of waves of economic turmoil within Germany and across the world, he began designing a typefaces for different European companies, mostly display things like this. For a time during the mid-1920s, Jan Tschichold went by the name Iwan" "

The cover of the 1929 sheet music from the First National/Vitaphone picture “The Girl from Woolworth’s” had its title (“Someone”) hand lettered. This single word title was the model for Store Clerk JNL, which is available in both regular and oblique versions as well as solid and solid oblique versions (without an inline). A bold, casual sans serif with rounded ends and an inline, Store Clerk JNL is perfectly suited for projects where a strong, yet playful title is necessary to grab the reader’s attention. For those old enough to remember, Woolworth’s was a leading “Five and Dime” store chain, especially in the days when a nickel or a dime actually could purchase something.

The techno sound of the 1990s, a personal computer, font creation software, and some inspiration all came together to inspire the F2F (Face2Face) font series. Alessio Leonardi and his friends had the demand to create new unusual typefaces, which would be used in the leading German techno magazine of the day, Frontpage. Even typeset as small as 6-points, in nearly undecipherable layouts, it was a pleasure for the kids to read and try to decrypt the messages. F2F Mekkaso Tomanik is a font whose letters have had diamond holes punched into them. In fact, so many holes have been punched into the letters that one could ask whether this font is more letterforms, or more holes!

The Monotype Janson font family is based on types originally cut by the Hungarian punch-cutter, Nicolas Kis circa 1690. Named after Anton Janson, a Dutch printer. The original matrices came into the hands of the Stempel foundry in Germany in 1919. New type was cast and proofs made; these were used as the source for Monotype's version of Janson. The original hand cut Janson types have a number of small design irregularities which give the typeface its unique charm. These have been carefully incorporated into the new version. The overall effect is of even color and an easy readability that makes Monotype Janson most at home in book and publishing work.

Mesquite is a narrow Tuscan-style typeface designed at Adobe in 1990. Like older Tuscans from the 19th Century, Mesquite has elaborate, creative serif treatments-although the serifs are so unique that it is difficult to call them serifs anymore, they are more like pointy finials. A convex-concave-convex ornamental feature appears on the middle of each vertical and diagonal stroke. Together with the serifs" at the tops and bottoms of each stroke, this feature creates a "tri-band" pattern over text set in Mesquite. Mesquite is not a text face. Aside from its narrowness and decorative qualities, Mesquite has no lowercase. The font's uppercase glyphs have been directly copied and placed in the lowercase range."

Uninhibited by typographic demands, this artistic font freely expresses individual creativity. The use of line in conjunction with deceptively simple patterns of squares or dots and the occasional solid infilling gives the letters a lively vigor lacking in many modern designs. The joins between the letters' uprights and curves and the balance between thin and thick strokes are executed with impressive simplicity. The alphabet letters were inspired by Swiss art from 1939. The numbers were patterned after a design cut in stone dating back to the year 1692, while the punctuation and mathematical characters are a simple and modern typeface that is both pleasing to the eye and a whimsical contrast to the other characters.

A typographic conundrum presented itself with the hand lettered title on the cover of the 1919 song "I Am Always Building Castles in the Air". The capitalized portion ["Castles in the Air"] was a hybrid mix of a few Art Nouveau-influenced rounded letters, yet along with this were squared letters with rounded corners (reflecting the upcoming Art Deco movement to take place in about another decade). As a complete alphabet, it didnít mix as well as in those few short words. What to do? It was decided to go with the squared look and save the rounder characters for a future project. The end result became Last Date JNL; available in both regular and oblique versions.

Opal Bulgarian is a humanistic sans serif typeface of a modern type, inspired by the famous Optima typeface (designed by Hermann Zapf). Opal Bulgarian consists of 2 weights and corresponding italics. Opal Bulgarian is suitable for body texts; for titles; for corporate identity. Opal Bulgarian continues the design of Opal BulgarianCYR, designed in 1992 by Zhivko Stankulov. In compare to Opal BulgarianCYR the new font family Opal Bulgarian has more glyphs and cover more languages. A number of shortcomings in the construction of the glyphs have been eliminated, and the design as a whole has been updated. Opal Bulgarian is available with active support and upgradeability. Licensees will receive all new versions of the font free of charge.

Cooper Goodtime is a font based on the lettering used on the CBS-TV variety series The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour (1969-1972). The name pays tribute to its two origins, the other being Cooper Black. It was never an actual complete font set on the TV show, only a limited number of handmade letters, all upper case. It has lain dormant since the show went off the air in 1972. With this incarnation, a set of lower case letters has been created to complement the upper case letters. These lower case letters never existed before now. Cooper Goodtime is a funky, nostalgic, cool way to create a display, and it works surprisingly well in text sizes, too.

German type designer Verena Gerlach created this display and sans FontFont between 1999 and 2011. The family has 10 weights, ranging from Light to Black (including italics) and is ideally suited for advertising and packaging, editorial and publishing as well as logo, branding and creative industries. FF Karbid Display provides advanced typographical support with features such as ligatures, alternate characters, case-sensitive forms, fractions, super- and subscript characters, and stylistic alternates. It comes with a complete range of figure set options – oldstyle and lining figures, each in tabular and proportional widths. This FontFont is a member of the FF Karbid super family, which also includes FF Karbid, FF Karbid Slab, and FF Karbid Text.

Ultra Condensed is a three-font family with a full character set. Ultra Condensed is a remastering of Tall Skinny Condensed from 1999 which continues to be a favorite. While similar, the fonts are not interchangeable. Shapes of some letters have changed, kerning and spacing are different. Tall Skinny Condensed does not have a full character set. Ultra Condensed Lettered is a hand lettered version of the hard edged Ultra Condensed. Ultra Condensed Line also hand lettered, is a thinner version of Ultra Condensed Lettered. These three fonts work well together or with a non condensed font, great for headlines at a large size. Works well for lots of copy in a small space.

The extra bold version of R. Hunter Middleton's "Karnak" (produced in 1936 for Ludlow) served as the model for Bookkeeping JNL and is a companion to Bookkeeper JNL (the light weight version of this type design). Middleton based his "Karnak" family of typefaces on the geometric slab-serif "Memphis", which was designed in 1929 by Dr. Rudolf Wolf and released originally by the Stempel Type Foundry of Germany. According to Wikipedia, "Karnak" "was named after the Karnak Temple Complex in Egypt, in reference to the fact that early slab serifs were often called 'Egyptians' as an exoticism by nineteenth-century type founders." Bookkeeping JNL is available in both regular and oblique versions.

The techno sound of the 1990s, a personal computer, font creation software, and some inspiration all came together to inspire the F2F (Face2Face) font series. Alessio Leonardi and his friends had the demand to create new unusual typefaces, which would be used in the leading German techno magazine of the day, Frontpage. Even typeset as small as 6-points, in nearly undecipherable layouts, it was a pleasure for the kids to read and try to decrypt the messages. Hearts, candles, bombs, and peace signs are just some of the great elements you'll find in F2F Simbolico. This collection of ruggedly drawn symbols is meant to bring a smile to the reader's face.

Venetian 301 is the Bitstream version of the Centaur type family. Centaur was designed by the American book designer Bruce Rogers on the basis of Venetian typefaces of 1470 of Nicolas Jenson. Beautiful Italic based on a face by Ludovico degli Arrighi was developed by Frederic Warde who was an American calligrapher and typography researcher was added as Italic to Centaur. Adapted for mechanical composition by English Monotype in 1929. Its lettershapes owe much to pen-drawn letters of Italian humanist minuscule and cursive. This elegant humanist face is useful for the finest typography both for book text and display matter. Cyrillic version included small caps was developed for ParaType in 2003 by Dmitry Kirsanov.

In 1935, Rudolph Ruzicka approached W.A. Dwiggins at Linotype in the USA and handed him six typeface design sketches. These later led to the typeface family now known as Fairfield. The sketch called Script’ was forgotten until 1993, when sketches and designs were found in Ruzicka’s archives. Ruzicka Freehand was originally a more flowing calligraphy typeface which Ruzicka later developed into this strong and unusual form. The typeface is designed in two weights and their matching italics. The figures are clear, only just indicating the handwritten style in the italic forms, and combine into light and harmonic lines of text. Ruzicka Freehand gives texts a private and personal character and is suitable for middle length texts and headlines.

Say hello to Decrypt—a geometric typeface that features highly stylized capitals with sharp corners, circular forms and generous proportions. Specifically created for visual impact—use Decrypt when you want your words to stand out from the rest of the crowd. The concept is modern, futuristic and non-traditional. Perfect for display text, logos and headings. The development of Decrypt started in 1997, inspired by Alex Kaczun’s best selling grotesque font family called Contax Pro. Decrypt is specifically introduced here as a bold weight, but Alex plans to expand the design to include many weights, styles and alternative design treatments. Stay tuned! If you like Decrypt—check out all of Type Innovations fonts here.