Divina Proportione is based from the original studies from Luca Pacioli. Luca Pacioli was born in 1446 or 1447 in Sansepolcro (Tuscany) where he received an abbaco education. Luca Pacioli was born in 1446 or 1447 in Sansepolcro (Tuscany) where he received an abbaco education. [This was education in the vernacular (i.e. the local tongue) rather than Latin and focused on the knowledge required of merchants.] He moved to Venice around 1464 where he continued his own education while working as a tutor to the three sons of a merchant. It was during this period that he wrote his first book -- a treatise on arithmetic for the three boys he was tutoring. Between 1472 and 1475, he became a Franciscan friar. In 1475, he started teaching in Perugia and wrote a comprehensive abbaco textbook in the vernacular for his students during 1477 and 1478. It is thought that he then started teaching university mathematics (rather than abbaco) and he did so in a number of Italian universities, including Perugia, holding the first chair in mathematics in two of them. He also continued to work as a private abbaco tutor of mathematics and was, in fact, instructed to stop teaching at this level in Sansepolcro in 1491. In 1494, his first book to be printed, Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalita, was published in Venice. In 1497, he accepted an invitation from Lodovico Sforza ("Il Moro") to work in Milan. There he met, collaborated with, lived with, and taught mathematics to Leonardo da Vinci. In 1499, Pacioli and Leonardo were forced to flee Milan when Louis XII of France seized the city and drove their patron out. Their paths appear to have finally separated around 1506. Pacioli died aged 70 in 1517, most likely in Sansepolcro where it is thought he had spent much of his final years. De divina proportione (written in Milan in 1496–98, published in Venice in 1509). Two versions of the original manuscript are extant, one in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan, the other in the Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire in Geneva. The subject was mathematical and artistic proportion, especially the mathematics of the golden ratio and its application in architecture. Leonardo da Vinci drew the illustrations of the regular solids in De divina proportione while he lived with and took mathematics lessons from Pacioli. Leonardo's drawings are probably the first illustrations of skeletonic solids, an easy distinction between front and back. The work also discusses the use of perspective by painters such as Piero della Francesca, Melozzo da Forlì, and Marco Palmezzano. As a side note, the "M" logo used by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City is taken from De divina proportione. “ The Ancients, having taken into consideration the rigorous construction of the human body, elaborated all their works, as especially their holy temples, according to these proportions; for they found here the two principal figures without which no project is possible: the perfection of the circle, the principle of all regular bodies, and the equilateral square. ” —De divina proportione

With its extended complement, this comprehensive redesign of Bank Gothic by Elsner+Flake offers a wide spectrum for usage. After 80 years, the typeface Bank Gothic, designed by Morris Fuller Benton in 1930, is still as desirable for all areas of graphic design as it has ever been. Its usage spans the design of headlines to exterior design. Game manufacturers adopt this spry typeface, so reminiscent of the Bauhaus and its geometric forms, as often as do architects and web designers. The creative path of the Bank Gothic from hot metal type via phototypesetting to digital variations created by desktop designers has by now taken on great breadth. The number of cuts has increased. The original Roman weight has been augmented by Oblique and Italic variants. The original versions came with just a complement of Small Caps. Now, they are, however, enlarged by often quite individualized lower case letters. In order to do justice to the form changes and in order to differentiate between the various versions, the Bank Gothic, since 2007 a US trademark of the Grosse Pointe Group (Trademark FontHaus, USA), is nowadays available under a variety of different names. Some of these variations remain close to the original concept, others strive for greater individualism in their designs. The typeface family which was cut by the American typefoundry ATF (American Type Founders) in the early 1930’s consisted of a normal and a narrow type family, each one in the weights Light, Medium and Bold. In addition to its basic ornamental structure which has its origin in square or rectangular geometric forms, there is another unique feature of the Bank Gothic: the normally round upper case letters such as B, C, G, O, P, Q, R and U are also rectangular. The one exception is the upper case letter D, which remains round, most likely for legibility reasons (there is the danger of mistaking it for the letter O.) Because of the huge success of this type design, which follows the design principles of the more square and the more contemporary adaption of the already existing Copperplate, it was soon adopted by all of the major type and typesetting manufacturers. Thus, the Bank Gothic appeared at Linotype; as Commerce Gothic it was brought out by Ludlow; and as Deluxe Gothic on Intertype typesetters. Among others, it was also available from Monotype and sold under the name Stationer’s Gothic. In 1936, Linotype introduced 6pt and 12pt weights of the condensed version as Card Gothic. Lateron, Linotype came out with Bank Gothic Medium Condensed in larger sizes and a more narrow set width and named it Poster Gothic. With the advent of photoypesetters and CRT technologies, the Bank Gothic experienced an even wider acceptance. The first digital versions, designed according to present computing technologies, was created by Bitstream whose PostScript fonts in Regular and Medium weights have been available through FontShop since 1991. These were followed by digital redesigns by FontHaus, USA, and, in 1996, by Elsner+Flake who were also the first company to add cursive cuts. In 2009, they extended the family to 16 weights in both Roman and Oblique designs. In addition, they created the long-awaited Cyrillic complement. In 2010, Elsner+Flake completed the set with lowercase letters and small caps. Since its redesign the type family has been available from Elsner+Flake under the name Bank Sans®. The character set of the Bank Sans® Caps and the Bank Sans® covers almost all latin-based languages (Europe Plus) as well as the Cyrillic character set MAC OS Cyrillic and MS Windows 1251. Both families are available in Normal, Condensed and Compressed weights in 4 stroke widths each (Light, Regular, Medium and Bold). The basic stroke widths of the different weights have been kept even which allows the mixing of, for instance, normal upper case letters and the more narrow small caps. This gives the family an even wider and more interactive range of use. There are, furthermore, extensive sets of numerals which can be accessed via OpenType-Features. The Bank Sans® type family, as opposed to the Bank Sans® Caps family, contains, instead of the optically reduced upper case letters, newly designed lower case letters and the matching small caps. Bank Sans® fonts are available in the formats OpenType and TrueType.

A FEW THOUGHTS Indie is a trendy script, result of the wide range of possibilities that can be achieved using a pointed brush. (1) “You Only Live Once” say The Strokes, (to me, symbols of indie music) so, what would represent that sensation of volatility better than a brush? As you may already know, this time inspiration came from hipsters and indies around us: We may sometimes criticise them, we may sometimes want to be like them, but the truth is that the universo gráfico they generated these past years is gigantic, full of colour and variations. (2) Brush lettering and Sign painting are fields I've been fond of since I started as a designer. Nowadays, these styles are getting a lot of attention and maybe it’s due to the undeniable mark of life that is materialised when using a brush. This tool is so expressive that shows the passions and fears of the artist, and materialises that idea of “living the present”, so popular in this era. When you see Indie, you think of skaters, rollers, surfers, hiphop dancers, street artists, summer, and why not? California beaches. So if you feel life is only one, it’s high time you got Indie into your fonts' collection! STYLES Indie comes in 4 styles plus another one which consists only in capitals. Indie; Indie Shade; Indie Shade Solo; Indie Inline are all open-type programmed and have exactly the same glyphs and metrics, so you can combine them without probem. (I.E. You may use Indie Inline, then write the same word using Indie Shade Solo, and finally put them together). In applications such as Adobe Illustrator, the font has nice results when fi ligatures is activated. However, if you want a more casual look, activate the contextual and the decorative ligatures. NOTES 1. After several years of practicing calligraphy I can say that to me, there’s nothing more satisfying than being able to create fonts out of your own handlettering. I owe a lot of this brush-style to Carl Rohrs. He was the very first calligrapher who taught it to me. His style is unique and what he can do with a brush is truly marvelous. I'm serious. 2. In spite of some particular cases, I can say I'm happy to live in a present in which Typography is living a kind of Renaissance along with Lettering. Like it happened with W. Morris a hundred years ago, handcrafts are being revalued/reborn, and some of this may be happening thanks to these indie designers that, trying to be unique, gave new/fresh air to different areas of graphic design.

ITC Legacy¿ was designed by American Ronald Arnholm, who was first inspired to develop the typeface when he was a graduate student at Yale. In a type history class, he studied the 1470 book by Eusebius that was printed in the roman type of Nicolas Jenson. Arnholm worked for years to create his own interpretation of the Jenson roman, and he succeeded in capturing much of its beauty and character. As Jenson did not include a companion italic, Arnholm turned to the sixteenth-century types of Claude Garamond for inspiration for the italics of ITC Legacy. Arnholm was so taken by the strength and integrity of these oldstyle seriffed forms that he used their essential skeletal structures to develop a full set of sans serif faces. ITC Legacy includes a complete family of weights from book to ultra, with Old style Figures and small caps, making this a good choice for detailed book typography or multi-faceted graphic design projects. In 1458, Charles VII sent the Frenchman Nicolas Jenson to learn the craft of movable type in Mainz, the city where Gutenberg was working. Jenson was supposed to return to France with his newly learned skills, but instead he traveled to Italy, as did other itinerant printers of the time. From 1468 on, he was in Venice, where he flourished as a punchcutter, printer and publisher. He was probably the first non-German printer of movable type, and he produced about 150 editions. Though his punches have vanished, his books have not, and those produced from about 1470 until his death in 1480 have served as a source of inspiration for type designers over centuries. His Roman type is often called the first true Roman." Notable in almost all Jensonian Romans is the angled crossbar on the lowercase e, which is known as the "Venetian Oldstyle e."" ITC Legacy® Sans font field guide including best practices, font pairings and alternatives.

Many calligraphers agree that Roman Capitals is one of the most beautiful yet difficult hands to master. Its beauty lies in its simplicity of form and structure, yet understanding and applying these skillfully can take years of mindful practice. My goal was to design Roman Capitals that were smoothly designed with a brush, not carved. The main concept was based on the fundamental strokes that are commonly studied when you practice Roman letters. That’s why many Serifs have these unfinished terminal serifs. I created the Turquoise typeface based on my Capitalis Romana practice with a flexible broad edged brush and gouache. During the lowercase process I was still following Foundational calligraphy with a flat brush. My Turquoise Capitals were then adjusted and redesigned at the Tipobrda calligraphy workshop in Slovenia. Turquoise contains small caps, many discretionary ligatures, ornaments, swashes as well as several brushy nature-inspired ornaments, accessible via OpenType. Ideally suited for headlines or body text in advertising, packaging and visual identities, its delicate shapes, curves and endings give projects a harmonious elegance and stylistic feel in unique Turquoise style. My inspiration for this font showcase is one of the richest islands in the Mediterranean, the place where my parents are from, Sicily. This southern Italian region has so many unique spots: Stromboli, part of the Aeolian Islands, and the Pelagie Islands is one of my favorite places in Sicily. The pictures I used were taken there this year. So enjoy the sun, the serifs, the water and its Turquoise colors. The brush is mightier than the sword. Opentype Features: https://www.rsztype.com/article/how-to-use-opentype-features-adobe-microsoft-pages Turquoise works very well with Nautica Check also Turquoise Inline

Paralucent Slab is an addition to the ever-popular Paralucent family. Paralucent is versatile all-purpose modern sans and slab serif design. Available in seven weights, from Thin to Heavy, with corresponding italics, it avoids some of the more eccentric calligraphic quirks of Akzidenz or Helvetica or the cool precision of Univers for an elegant, functional, yet warm design. Several core ideas inform Paralucent’s design. Prime attention has given to the negative space between characters, giving a more even “colour”, especially in text. For example, the J, L and T have shorter arms than comparable sans typefaces, while the M and W are wider. The A has a lower bar, opening up the interior counter. An unusually high lower-case x-height again helps to give a more even colour and improve legibility. Care has been taken to rationalise repeated elements like the tails on lower-case letters, or the Q and the “ear” of the g. Typographic design solutions that are consistent across all these features add more stylistic cohesion. ‘Ink traps’ are exaggerated incisions used to open up a letter's narrower internal angles, which can become clogged with ink, especially in small point sizes. Now largely redundant due to the high quality of modern print, they are still sometimes used as a stylistic quirk or design feature. Now that digital fonts are often reversed or outlined, or enlarged to enormous sizes, these can also lead to unexpected or obtrusive results. Paralucent takes these inevitable digital manipulations into account, and adds optical corrections without resort to ink traps. The family has been picked up by many UK and US publishers, featuring heavily in magazines like Loaded, Heat and TV Quick, as well as high-end coffee-table photography books and gallery websites. The addition of the Slab family adds even more options for running text and headline.

PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT: Price Didone has inspired a full alphabetic font - Mastadoni, so if you're after more than numerals, head over there! Price Didone is a font with a singular purpose: The setting of elegant, stylish price tags. As such it is non-alphabetic, featuring instead numerals, a large array of currency symbols, and a smattering of typographic niceties such as quotes, brackets, pilcrow, daggers and a very curvaceous ampersand. Certain currency symbols that are not independent glyphs (Q, Ft, kr etc.) are included as their constituent letters, some of which also have automatic ligatures for that little something extra. There are currency symbols included which have not (yet) been accepted to unicode, such as the Russian Ruble and Bitcoin symbols. For ease of access, these can be typed using the standard ligatures feature. See features below for the full list. Features: Automatic Fractions - with fractions feature engaged, arbitrary fractions are a doddle. Stylistic Sets: SS01 - an alternate look for 4 SS02 - a double stroked dollar symbol SS03- the # sign becomes a stylish numero Stylistic Alternates - for software that doesn't support stylistic sets, the above three features are grouped into the one SALT feature. Standard Ligatures - certain typed combinations automatically change to different glyphs: B|| = Bitcoin symbol P- = Russian Ruble RM = Malaysian Rimgit symbol Rp = Indonesian Rupiah Rs = Rupees Ft = Hungarian Forint kr = Kroner symbol % off;%off;%ff = Special percent off ligature Discretionary Ligatures - this feature sets decimal prices like $5.95 with the numerals after the period smaller and raised from the baseline, underlined by a nice swoosh. It also shrinks the dollar, sterling, and Euro symbols for a more authentic look. While intended for one sole purpose, Price Didone could nevertheless be quite versatile. Quote marks and typographic symbols can be used for decoration. Everybody loves a nice ampersand and this is one I'm really proud of. Or you might just want some pretty numbers for your house, or sports jersey, or just to stand out a little from the rest of your text. Whatever use you may have in mind, go for it. And do let me know if your currency symbol isn't included, and I'll quickly add it to the glyph set in future versions.

Migae is a versatile and elegant display font designed to captivate and engage audiences across a wide range of design applications. With 14 distinct weight variants spanning from delicate Light to commanding Black, and complemented by a refined set of italics, Migae offers a harmonious balance of strength and elegance to fulfill your typographic needs. Key Features: 1. 14 Weight Variants: Migae's extensive weight range, including Light, Regular, Medium, Semi-Bold, Bold, Extra Bold, and Black variants, allows you to choose the perfect weight for your design, whether it's a subtle headline or a bold statement. 2. Italics: In addition to its standard upright styles, Migae boasts a comprehensive set of italics that adds versatility to your typography, conveying an air of sophistication and style. 3. Strong to Elegant Styles: Migae's design philosophy seamlessly combines strength and elegance. Its strong weights provide a bold and impactful presence, while the lighter weights exude an effortless elegance, making it suitable for a wide array of creative projects. 4. Modern Aesthetic: Migae's clean, contemporary lines and carefully crafted details make it an ideal choice for modern graphic and web design, editorial layouts, branding, and advertising. 5. Legibility: Migae prioritizes legibility across all weights and styles, ensuring that your messages are communicated effectively, regardless of the chosen variant. 6. Versatile Applications: From branding and packaging to posters, editorial design, and web headings, Migae adapts to various design contexts, making it a versatile choice for graphic designers, typographers, and creative professionals. Design Inspiration: Migae draws inspiration from the harmony of nature, where strength and elegance coexist. Its name, derived from the Korean word "미래" (miraee), meaning "future," reflects its forward-thinking design approach that is equally rooted in tradition and innovation. Ideal Usage: Migae is an ideal choice for those seeking a display font that can effortlessly transition between bold and delicate, exuding confidence and refinement in every style. It's perfect for branding, packaging, advertising, editorial layouts, and any design project where typography plays a pivotal role. Migae is more than just a font; it's a design companion that empowers creatives to achieve a perfect balance between strength and elegance in their visual communications. Explore the world of Migae and let your design projects shine with its captivating charm and versatility.

The purpose of the original DIN 1451 standard was to lay down a style of lettering which is timeless and easily legible. Unfortunately, these early letters lacked elegance and were not properly designed for typographic applications. Ever since its first publication in the 1930’s, several type foundries adopted the original designs for digital photocomposition. By early 2000, it became apparent that the existing DIN-based fonts did not fulfil the ever-increasing demand for a diverse set of weights and additional support for non-Latin languages. Parachute® was set out to fill this gap by introducing the PF DIN series which has become ever since the most comprehensive and sophisticated set of DIN typefaces. It was based on the original standards but was specifically designed to fit typographic requirements. Its letterforms divert from the stiff geometric structure of the original and introduce instead elements which are familiar, softer and easier to read. The first set of fonts was completed in 2002 as a group of 3 families which included condensed and compressed versions. With its vast array of weights, the extended language support, but most of all its meticulous and elaborate design, it has proved itself valuable to numerous design agencies around the world. Ever since its first release, it has been used in diverse editorials, packaging, branding and advertising campaigns as well as a great number of websites. It was quoted by Publish magazine as being “an overkill series for complex corporate identity projects”. The whole PF DIN Text type system (with normal, condensed and compressed styles) includes 45 weights from Hairline to Extra Black including true-italics. Additionally, every font in the Pro series is powered by 270 very useful symbols for packaging, environmental graphics, signage, transportation, computing, fabric care. There are 2 versions to choose from: The PRO version is the most powerful. All weights support Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Central/Eastern European, Romanian, Baltic and Turkish, with 20 advanced opentype features including small caps. The standard STD version is more economic. All weights support Latin, Central/Eastern European, Romanian, Baltic and Turkish, with 18 advanced opentype features including small caps. In 2010 Parachute® released 4 new families DIN Monospace, DIN Stencil, DIN Text Arabic and DIN Text Universal. All these are complemented by the popular DIN Display version. Altogether the Parachute DIN series is a set of 8 superfamilies with a total of 96 weights.

TT Ricordi Marmo useful links: Specimen | Graphic presentation | Customization options TT Ricordi Marmo extends the series of experimental projects within the TT Ricordi fonts collection. The main goal of the TT Ricordi project is to look for gems in old signs and on stone and bringing those inscriptions back to life in the form of contemporary fonts with the umbrella name TT Ricordi. TT Ricordi Marmo is an original experimental project by Eugene Tantsurin inspired by inscriptions at Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence. Working on it, we wanted to create a contemporary typeface that would unite the elements of a Florentine sans-serif mixed with more traditional visual solutions typical for the period's serifs. As a result, we got a bright and somewhat provocative typeface with irregular serif distribution, some unusual contours and a free spirit. In small body size TT Ricordi Marmo makes a neutral impression, but as the size gets bigger, the user is taken on a playful quest to search for interesting moves, graphic peculiarities and unusual solutions. TT Ricordi Marmo is great for poster design, packaging, and setting large and medium-sized inscriptions. Thanks to its idiosyncrasy, the typeface may look nice both at a poster in a grand academic theater and at an acid rave party. You can find a set of icon patterns that can be used in several ways. First, you can substitute letters with these patterns, thus getting an inscription with a visible graphic element. Then you can also construct borders and interval marks, or just use them as icons. All patterns are perfectly adapted to the design of letters in the font. TT Ricordi Marmo consists of 2 styles and one variable font. Each of the styles contains over 630 glyphs and 18 OpenType features. As we have conceived TT Ricordi Marmo as a poster typeface from the very beginning, it features small capitals instead of lowercase characters. In addition, the typeface has a set of interesting ligatures, stylistic alternates, pointers, hands, and pattern icons. TT Ricordi Marmo OpenType features list: AALT, CCMP, LOCL, NUMR, ORDN, TNUM, PNUM, CASE, SS01 (Alternative latin E), SS02 (Alternative Eszett), SS03 (Alternative Cyrillic I), SS04 ( Alternative Amper- sand), SS05 (Romanian Comma Accent), SS06 (Dutch IJ), SS07 (Catalan Ldot), DLIG, CALT, SALT.

Crox™ is a sans-serif professional typeface inspired by crude geometry, creativity, and art. In the font family, there are 19 styles, including upright and italic, It is constructed of big lowercase letters with a maximum x-height for excellent optical reading. English letters are supported as a numerator and denominator set, this feature may aid in the creation of fractions using letters and numbers, as well as for sophisticated scripting and various scientific fractions forms. All weights support over 25 professional OpenType features within each style, with extensive coverage of western languages. These features were originally planned for personal and professional use, including multi-alternative characters in Styles: 1, 2, 4, 10, 11. Operational styles 6, 7 are enhanced with some scientific forms, to write the fit derived (SI units' expressions). Otherwise, it supports a wide range of professional factory pricing styles for business and marketing, as well as retail pricing styles in Sets 5, 8, and 9, with ligatures, old-style numerals, ordinals, swashes... Crox™ is enhanced with a poster weight like the fantastical type to fulfill your creative needs in three styles: poster, poster oblique, and poster italic for ADS and web design, branding, or product design. Glyphs: More than 970 glyphs, including those accessible with OpenType features. Powerful OpenType features: Standard Ligature, Alternate access, Automatic ordinals (English, French...), Case sensitive, localized forms, Numerator set, Denominator set, Subscript, Superscript, Swash, Stylistic alternate, Styles 1,2,3,4,5(Pricing style 1), 6(Derived Units),7(Advanced Fractions for Scientific units, Derived Units Vulgar Form), Set 8 (Pricing Style 2), Set (Pricing Style 3), Proportional Old-style, Tabular Old-style, Proportional Lining, Tabular Lining, Zero with slash, Fractions (Default, Automatic). Suitable for: logo and modern branding, web design, packaging, Product packaging, Articles, scientific document, Product user guides, multiple works in the Media, Design, ADS... Specimen Crox™ is a trademark of Yassine Abdi.

"Berganza" is a typeface designed as a tribute to the spanish century called "Siglo de Oro". Embellished with several ornaments and swashes, it quickly reminds an age in which castilian arts & letters were flourished, as well as the fantasy knighty fables adventures of heroes, loved ladies and evil villains. Although the Siglo de Oro cannot be set in specific dates, it is generally considered to have lasted more than a century; between 1492, the year of the discovery of America and 1681, the year in which the writer Pedro Calderón dela Barca died. Lope de Vega, Francisco de Quevedo, or even William Shakespeare (in England) are also famous figures of this time. Berganza typeface takes its name from the main character of the picaresque novel "The Conversation of the Dogs" (Cervantes, 1613). Berganza is able to speak with the other dog Scipio on a big number of social & philosophical topics. Talking about technics, Berganza is a modern typeface but with a humanist flavour. Thanks to its various styles and flourishes, it immediately refers to the culteranism aesthetic of that time, whose aim was to elevate the noble over the vulgar. But also, Berganza takes advantage of the contemporary technology, highlighting in his drawing the contrasted forms and certain broken and unusual strokes in order to give it a brave and different style touch. Berganza includes four weights to be used for continuous reading with great visual richness. However, it is more recommended for large sizes, since its unusual and particular details appear when the letter grows. Finally, the hundreds of glyphs and Opentype features that it has incorporated, allow us to change the aesthetics of the type according to our needs. OPENTYPE FONT 518 CHARACTERS 1113 GLYPHS 4 INSTANCES (Regular, Bold, Italic & Bold Italic) 38 LANGUAGES 28 LAYOUT FEATURES (stylistic sets, ligatures, historical ligatures, swashes, contextual alternates, numerals, etc) DESIGNED BY CARLOS CAMPOS IN 2021 www.cuchiquetipo.com Dummy text from wikisource.org («Rinconete y Cortadillo», by Miguel de Cervantes).

Our eye is able to join missing parts of worn letters back into undisturbed shapes. We tend to see things better than they really are. Thanks to this ability we ignore faults of those close to us as we can’t accept the fact that every once in a while we convene with an impaired entity. Typography is merely a man’s invention, hence imperfection and transience, albeit overlooked, are its key features. This typeface is based on worn-out letterings on tombstones in the St. Croce basilica in Florence. For hundreds of years, microscopic particles of marble are being taken away on the soles of visitors: the embossed figures become fossilised white clouds, fragments of inscriptions are nearing the limits of legibility. First missing are thin joins and serifs, then the main strokes finally slowly diminish into nothingness over time. Unlike an archaeologist, for whom even completely featureless stele is valuable, the typographer must capture the proper moment of wear, when the type is not too “new” but also not too much decimated. Such typeface is usable for catalogue jackets, invitations and posters. Calligraphy is a natural human trait. To write is to create characters of reasonable beauty and content, according to the nature of the writer. A natural characteristic of architecture is to create an aesthetic message very similar to the alphabet. A doric column, the gabled roof, the circle of the well plan: these are the basic shapes from which all text typeface is derived.