The Teapot Dome scandal was a 1920s bribery scandal involving Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming [along with some California reserves] at low rates with no competitive bidding. The San Francisco Examiner for Feb. 20, 1924 ran the two line headline “U.S. Senator Named as Oil Stock Speculator; Whitney to Face Quiz Today on Slush Fund”. The headline was set in a condensed, slightly squared sans serif typeface. This is now available as Special Edition JNL in both regular and oblique versions.

Calligrapher is an elegant font and has its own distinctive style, so it looks luxurious in every character. Calligrapher comes with OpenType features such as stylistic alternates, stylistic sets & ligatures good for logotypes, posters, badges, book covers, t-shirt design, packaging and more. Features : • Character Set A-Z • Numerals & Punctuations (OpenType Standard) • Accents (Multilingual characters) • Ligature • Alternate • Swash There it is! I really hope you enjoy it - comments and likes are always welcome and accepted. More importantly, don't hesitate to send a message if you have a problem or question.

La Route is inspired by my other font Modern Times. La Route works great in any branding, films, magazines, header, logos, badge, packaging, headline, poster, t-shirt/apparel. La Route gives you options to explore a whole host of applications and give a real modern feel to any project. 965 glyph, 100+ Languages Set. Multilingual support: Latin basic, Latin Extended, Cyrillic, Greek, Georgian, Central Europe, Turkish, Baltic, Romanian, Euro, West European diacritics Please test your alphabet. If you have any issues please let me know through email turalalisoy@gmail.com.

Hello, this is Zieder Danger modern Graffiti Font! This Fonts designed so that users can use it more easily and make graffiti designs easier. Zieder Danger is very suitable for use in various media such as; packaging, logos, labels, posters, shirt designs, bulletins, typography, and many other media, especially with graffiti look. Features: All Caps PUA Encoded open Support for MAC or PC Simple installation for Adobe Illustrator, Corel Draw, Photoshop, or Procreate (New Updated) Support Multilanguage That's it! If you have any questions don't hesitate to ask! Stay Classy!

Koran Sans is a clean family sans humasnist style that is absolutely perfect for editorial headlines. The complete font family of upright and italic letters is easy for you to use 18 styles in many projects. This font is complete with symbols and multilingual. This font style is bold, bold, and sleek, making it perfect for editorial, web, posters, t-shirts, and magazine covers. . etc Including: Uppercase Letters, Numbers, Punctuation & Symbols. Multilingual Support Koran sans exudes character but is still useful thanks to its restrained geometric styling and modern construction.

The Snowflake Drop Caps font is a set of highly ornate block letters with rich embedded snowflake designs, perfect for winter and holiday themes and publications or any text where you want to add some texture, pizzazz, and depth to make your message stand out. This one-of-a-kind font has the feel of a homemade embroidered or quilted design and comes with both upper and lower case letters to give you more design flexibility. (Numbers, special characters, and punctuation are a neutral sans serif typeface and are included for convenience only.)

Blusher script is a hand brush font made with brushes and ink. This typeface is ideal for use in thick watercolor designs or handwriting styles, such as blog titles, posters, wedding elements, t-shirts, clothing, book covers, business cards, greeting cards, branding, merchandise etc. Contains full sets of: - Uppercase - Lowercase - Alternatives - Ligatures - Punctuation - Numbers - Multi-lingual support How to access all alternative characters, using Windows Character Map with Photoshop: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Go9vacoYmBw How to access all alternative characters using Adobe Illustrator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzwjMkbB-wQ Thank you!

Introducing our new exploration Beardsons, another vintage-inspired font with the additional effect: Normal - Inline - Shadow, packed as the layered font. Collected from many references such as vintage signage, logo, badges, and old fashioned graphics. Beardsons is An all-caps font, carefully crafted with a high ornamental taste. Beardsons is perfect for many display purposes. You can use this font for poster, label, logo, signboard, t-shirt, book cover, decoration, merchandise, and more! Multilingual support with extra ornaments included! Fonts featured: Uppercase Smallcaps Numbers & symbols Stylistic alternates Accented characters: ����������������������������ތ������������������������������������ Thank you for watching!

The French publication “La Lettre Dans le Decor et La Publicite Modernes” (“The Letter in the Modern Décor and Advertising”) was a 24-page booklet showcasing the then-current trends of the time (circa late 1930s-early 1940s). On one page was found a squared, extra bold sans serif alphabet set with strong Art Nouveau influences, yet it was ahead of its time by taking on the look and feel of 1980s techno typography. They say “everything old is new again”, and Nouveau Techno JNL is now available digitally in both regular and oblique versions.

Retro Groovy Font is a retro and bold display font. Use this display font to add that special retro touch to any design idea you can think of!. Masterfully designed to become a true favorite, this font has the potential to bring each of your creative ideas to the highest level! Very suitable for logotype, Stickers, Packaging design, Cricut Project, headlines, brand identity, t shirt or apparel industry, posters, magazines, books, YouTube, Instagram, websites, or any of your creative design projects. Tutorial how to Install & use Alternate / Special Character : https://hanscostudio.com/tutorial/ Enjoy!

Introducing our new font Killarney. A bold and heavy display font that inspired by the vintage/classic letterforms used in old-advertisements. Mouse-crafted with high attention to details; clean lines, sharp edges and tempting curves. Its square and blocky letterforms make Killarney a great for headlines and space killer. Packed with 500+ glyphs, Killarney composed of slanted version, standard upper/lower case characters, numerals, punctuations, some multilingual letters, alternate characters, stylistic sets, ligatures, etc. This font is a must have item for your designing arsenal. Go get yours now while it's hot. :D

Brainlove Beautiful Script is a stylish calligraphy font that features a varying baseline, smooth lines, classic and elegant touch. For those of you who are need a touch of elegance and modernity for your designs or branding, it can be used for various purposes such as headings, signature, logos, wedding invitation, t-shirt, letterhead, signage, lable, news, posters, badges etc. These font are PUA encoded, which means they are fully accessible without additional design software. The additional features and characters are accessible in the Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe InDesign, even work on Microsoft Word.

BETTER FASTER! A handwritten display brush font. Comes with 2 styls, regular & slant. BETTER FASTER font is suitable for branding, logotype, apparel, T-shirt, Hoodie, product packaging, quotes, flyer, poster, book cover, advertising, etc. Whats Include? 1. Opentype support 2. Multilingual support 3. PUA encoded 4. Features: Uppercase, lowercase, numerals, punctuations, alternate, and ligatures 5. Accessible in the Adobe Illustrator Glyphs panel, or under Stylistic Alternates in the Adobe Photoshop OpenType menu, Adobe InDesign, Corel Draw, even work on Microsoft Word 6. Please message me if you’re unsure of any language support.

The Quandary Font is created for a horror theme in use with an illustrated book ‘The Predicament’ by Edgar Allan Poe. It is designed as a highly expressive face to accentuate a sense of mystery and the macabre. A comparatively more carefree and free-spirited face, it comes as a uni-case single weight family used exclusively as the main face for the book. The characters are developed from the numeric glyphs found on the astronomical clock-face at Prague Old Town Square, Czech Republic. http://www.behance.net/gallery/Quandary/383204

Miss Moonling is a hand brush font made with brushes and ink. This typeface is ideal for use in thick watercolor designs or handwriting styles, such as blog titles, posters, wedding elements, t-shirts, clothing, book covers, business cards, greeting cards, branding, merchandise etc. Contains full set: - Uppercase - Lowercase - Alternative - Ligatures - Punctuation - Number - Multilingual support. How to access all alternative characters, using Windows Character Map with Photoshop: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Go9vacoYmBw How to access all alternative characters using Adobe Illustrator: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzwjMkbB-wQ Thank you!

Brandy is a font scrip, so, font script that is beautiful and unique, it is a model of modern calligraphy typefaces, in combination with a calligraphy writing style. The Features of this fonts is: Swash Alternates Standart ligatures Contextual Alternates Stylistic Alternates Stylistic sets Can be used for various purposes.such as headings, logos, wedding invitation, t-shirt, letterhead, signage, lable, news, posters, badges etc. To enable the OpenType Stylistic alternates, you need a program that supports OpenType features such as Adobe Illustrator CS, Adobe Indesign & CorelDraw X6-X7

Jagret is a Soft and Bold serif, The many alternate character on serif makes this typeface unique and stands out rather than the regular sans font, perfectly for headlines, logos, posters, packaging, T-shirts,coffee shops, restaurants, magazine's headers, signs or gift/post cards,cafe's and weddings or any type of advertising purpose.With italic version that you can use as a complimentary! Features Regular & Italic Version Uppercase & Lowercase Number & Symbol Ligatures Multilingual and PUA Encoded If there is a problem, question, or anything about my fonts, don't hesitate to ask! Big Thanks Ergibi Studio

Hollister is a modern script font created with a natural brush. This font is very beautiful when combined with era now design concepts. Hollister comes with OpenType features such stylistic alternates, stylistic sets & ligatures which are good for logotype, poster, badge, book cover, t-shirt design, packaging and much more. Features : Character Set A-Z, Numerals & Punctuations (OpenType Standard), Accents (Multilingual characters), Ligatures, Swashes. There it is! I really hope you enjoy it - comments & likes are always welcome and accepted. More importantly, don't hesitate to send a message if you have a problem or question.

MOCKEJOE FONT was born in the modern era which was inspired by the letters found in various print and digital media. Comes with a modern and futuristic style that will rock your great design! It is suitable for you to use in logotype designs, posters, typography, t-shirts, tickets, and other modern designs. The alternative characters in this font were divided into several OpenType features such as Stylistic Alternates, Stylistic Sets, and Ligature. The OpenType features can be accessed by using the OpenType program such as Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe InDesign.

Introducing Spydolls a playful monoline script font inspired by the handwriting of marker pen, highly recommended for your design projects. You can use it for: logo design, t-shirt, branding, prints, and much more. A total of 600 glyph with a great selection of each glyph multilingual language support comes with a standard european made you not difficult to use. We hope to always keep making products more attractive. Don't hesitate to ask us if there are things you want to tell them:) Thanks and havefun with Spydolls

Hello, this is Graetboyz - Realistic Graffiti Tag Font! This font was designed so that users can use it more easily and make graffiti designs easier. Greatboyz is very suitable for use in various media such as; packaging, logos, labels, posters, shirt designs, bulletins, typography, and many other media, especially with graffiti look. Features: Uppercase & Lowercase PUA Encoded open Support for MAC or PC Simple installation for Adobe Illustrator, Corel Draw, Photoshop, or Procreate (New Updated) Bonus Swash That's it! If you have any questions don't hesitate to ask! Stay Classy!

Blank Page Font Duo, these fonts are of two types serif and script. Display Serif inspired by famous logo, This typeface has been made carefully to make sure its premium quality and luxury feel. The ligatures on serif makes this typeface unique and stands out rather than the regular serif font, perfectly for headlines, wedding, social media, logos, posters, packaging, T-shirts,coffee shops, restaurants, magazine’s headers, signs or gift/post cards,cafe’s and weddings or any type of advertising purpose. if you have any questions, don’t hesitate to contact us Ergibi Studio

Preview Text Moghel Display More information about this Font Moghel display is a modern serif font with a unique ligature style, a high contrast and light font perfect for feminine logo signs, fashion heads & editorial designs, branding projects, Clothing Branding, packaging, magazine headings, advertising, T-shirts, postcards and much more. Moghel display is also included full set of: Uppercase and lowercase letters Automatic ligatures Multilingual characters Numerals Punctuation What will you get? Moghel display Regular.otf Moghel display Italic.otf If you have any questions, don't hesitate to contact me. Thank you, Masa Type

Features: Characters: Uppercase letters, Lowercase letters, numbers & extended punctuation Ligatures and Stylistic Alternates Non-English support for the international designer Deflexure is a luxury modern script font. This font is perfect for wedding event design, such as wedding invitations, wedding event organizer logo, and any design related to weddings. This font is also perfect for writing quotes, print-on-demand design like t-shirts and mugs. Each lowercase font also has alternates for each letter, so when you type lowercase for each font, the letters will have other style options.

Easy Peasy is a cute and playful display font. Relaxed and a little bit quirky, this font is the perfect fit for all of your logos, branding, posters, and crafty DIY projects. Honestly it works perfectly for headlines, logos, posters, packaging, T-shirts and much more. Font Features : • Regular version • Character set A-Z in uppercase and lowercase • Numerals & Punctuation • Accented Characters • Multiple Languages Supported • Format File: OTF Recommended to use in Adobe Illustrator or Adobe Photoshop. If you have questions, just send me a message and I'm glad to help. Best Regards, Supersemar Letter

Kyomic is a serif fonts with a solid looks bold and also beautiful curves in an alternate characters. A style that we choose as a Natural looks of the Hand-Drawn made Athans as a unique identity of this fonts. Kyomic also comes with alternative characters that carefully created for adding a minimalist decor of the letters. and it looks right on every character's we've made. Stylistic alternates allows versatile design options and works perfectly for Headlines, Posters, Logos Packaging, Branding, T-shirts, Greetings, Persentation and much more.

Malkone is a modern sans serif, simplistic, high-contrast sans that is at home in high-end fashion and cultural environments comes in nine weights with various width and weight that you can explore and combine. use this font for any branding, product packaging, invitation, quotes, t-shirt, label, poster, logo etc. Feature Uppercase & Lowercase Number & Symbol International Glyphs Multilingual support Feel free to drop us a message any time and follow my shop for upcoming updates Shoot me on email at: dedukvic@gmail.com Hope you enjoy it.

Muthea is a very interesting, brushed texture font and includes several ligatures, alternatives and extra swashes. It is contemporary approach to design, with a natural and irregular base lines. It is suitable for use in title designs, clothing, logos, greeting cards, t-shirts, packaging designs, invitations, book titles, stationery designs, quotes, branding, posters and more. Muthea includes a complete set of uppercase and lowercase letters, as well as multi-language support, numbers, punctuation, ligatures, and alternatives. Thank you very much for buying and letting me know if you have any questions.

Trigly is an elegant sans serif, simplistic, high-contrast sans that is at home in high-end fashion and cultural environments comes in nine weights with various width and weight that you can explore and combine. use this font for any branding, product packaging, invitation, quotes, t-shirt, label, poster, logo etc. Feature Uppercase & Lowercase Number & Symbol International Glyphs Multilingual support Ligature Feel free to drop us a message any time and follow my shop for upcoming updates Shoot me on email at: dedukvic@gmail.com Hope you enjoy it.

The purpose of this monospace font is to display braille in an original although rather steganographic way. Its glyphs are built from a flat hexagon which can be read as 3 rows of 2 vertices (i.e. regular braille glyph grid). The initial design is illustrated by glyphs 'ç' (no dot) and 'û' (6 dots) as shown by poster 5. Glyphs are connected to each other, thus 6 connections for each hexagon (2 on left/right and 4 on top/bottom). In the final design many diagonal segments of the hexagon were removed for esthetical reason. Text is displayed not as a honeycomb but as a lattice instead which mixes hexagons, squares and "irregular convex octagons" (mostly unclosed), the design favored squares over octagons. The whole slightly resembling a PCB. Text can be framed with 3 sets of Frame glyphs (as shown in Poster 4): Octagonal: { €, °, £, µ, §, ¥, ~, ¢ } which can be mixed with Rectangular High Rectangular Low: { è, é, ê, ï, î, à, â, ä } Rectangular High: { Â, ù, Ä, Ê, Ë, ô, õ, ë } which can be mixed with Octagonal NB: When using Frame glyphs, it is advised to show Pilcrow (¶) and Non Breaking Space, which are replaced by empty shapes (e.g. in Microsoft Word, use CTRL+8 or use [¶] button in the ribbon).

Nextir is an extraordinary brush sans serif font that commands attention and redefines modern typography. Designed with large letters and a thick weight, its distinctive square letter shapes are the epitome of strength and contemporary style. What sets Nextir apart from the ordinary is its brush detailing. This unique blend of brush strokes and sans serif elements adds a layer of organic texture to the font. The combination of large letters, thick weight, square shapes, and brush detailing creates a font that makes a striking statement with a contemporary edge. When you need a typeface that combines strength with artistic expression, Nextir is the perfect choice to infuse your designs with boldness, modernity, and a touch of handcrafted elegance. You can also enjoy the features here. Features: Multilingual Supports PUA Encoded Numerals and Punctuations Nextir fits in headlines, logos, posters, flyers, branding materials, print media, editorial layouts, and many more designs. Find out more ways to use this font by taking a look at the font preview. Thanks for purchasing our fonts. Hopefully, you have a great time using our font. Feel free to contact us anytime for further information or when you have trouble with the font. Thanks a lot and happy designing.

More than a century ago, Frank H. Atkinson presented this hand lettered style as Broken Poster. It was one of a hundred styles he demonstrated in his manual on sign painting. Even before his book was published (and certainly after), Broken Poster was a favorite with sign painters and letterers. It has graced show cards and movie posters, signs and windows displays, and advertisements of all varieties. We presented the our first digital revival of this classic in 2000. It is long overdue for an upgrade. Broken Gothic expands the basic Broken Poster to four weights, two specialty formats and some cool layed effects. The language base includes Greek, Cyrillic, Latin A, and some of Latin B and Latin Extended. There are also some nice alternates and ligatures. All weights are quite suited to posters, headlines, display copy, web headers, etc. At first glance, Broken Gothic may seem to have limited uses. Give it a chance and it will surprise you. Broken shouts out that there is a sale, a giant monster or the end of the world. Broken Gothic is comfortable in a wide range of themes and applications from zombie movie titles to salsa jar labels. While I can't recommend it for text, Broken is great for headers, banners, signs, titles, product presentation and other display applications. When you need a rough customer, Broken Gothic fills the bill.

Heller Sans JNL is based on the main letterforms of an experimental alphabet designed by Steven Heller; noted author of over 170 books on design and visual culture. Some modifications were made in turning his design into a digital font. In his own words, here is the background to this typeface: “I recently recovered this from the junk heap. It is a yellowing photostat of my first and only typeface design (1969-70). Total folly! At the time I was smitten by Art Moderne lettering. I called it “Klaus Boobala Bold” because I liked the K and B. I’ve lost the letters S through Z, which were made. The letters were drawn with compass, Techno pen (that frequently clogged). as well as a triangle and T-square. The inline and outline made no real logical sense. I based the design, in part, on Kabel, Avant Garde and it was a product of whatever I could accomplish with those tools. The caps-only alphabet was photographed and produced as a film negative that was cut in foot-long strips and spliced to fit on a Typositor reel. Sadly, the negatives made for the font were too brittle and the splice snapped apart in the Typositor. I worked on it for well over a month and used the face only once. I realized with this attempt, like so many other times I attempted different challenges, that type design — indeed mechanical drawing — was not my strong suit.” Heller Sans JNL is available in both regular and oblique versions.

Quarca's masculine power runs strong across the page with bold self-assurance and a raw energy that courses through its thick veins. Don't think the continuous, smooth geometry of this semi-modular face is captively chained to the grid, though. Quarca has been cautiously optimized to engage the reader's eye. Achieving an attractive balance to its sturdy design, the open forms of this "rounded square" geometric sans -together with a tall x-height- make the font legible even when using the compact widths. This high-impact typeface definitely doesn't sacrifice versatility for style. These compact widths, with their raw heart and strength, are perfect for callouts, while the extended widths provide you with the platform for a punchy and extremely efficient headline. The font has a thinner weight and transcends to an intense bold. The face's geometric or technological construction also tends to make it right at home on the web. The family consists of 36 fonts -six weights plus italics. Where Quarca truly stands out, though, is its wide number of OpenType typographic choices and optional glyphs, allowing you to design your piece with a personal, one-of-a-kind variant touch. These variations consist of Experimental Capitals, Angled Capital Terminals, and "Future Stencil". In all, you can find more than one hundred of these alternate glyphs. Quarca is well-suited for anything you are able to throw at it. Devised for today's multi-disciplined designer, this clear and infinitely versatile family provides tremendous value to your toolbox.

Disruptor's Script is the alter ego of our previous project Gentlemen's Script. Unlike the Gentlemen's Script, the new font is an elegant rebel and defies traditions. The font is painted with a brush pen, which is especially noticeable in the characteristic shabbiness and different thicknesses of the strokes. While the Gentlemen's Script is an embodiment of a classic costume, dress shoes and an expensive watch, Disruptor's Script is a fashionable suit, sneakers, an iWatch and a tattoo that peeks from under the shirt. The font retained the incline, speed and overall sense of dynamics inherent in Gentlemen's Script, but got a bit more chaotic and unpredictable. This is especially noticeable in the newly added shabbiness, elongated extenders, a large number of contextual alternates and different ligatures. For some high-frequency letters (10 for the Latin alphabet and 10 for the Cyrillic alphabet), we painted alternative versions that are substituted in the word instead of the standard characters when following our preceding certain groups of letters. In addition, in the Disruptor's Script you can find functional ligatures, including some of the frequently occurring two- and three-letter combinations. All these solutions dilute the monotonous line of the set, add a bit of unpredictability to the font and a touch of chaos to inscriptions. To fully enjoy usage of the font, we recommend that you always keep the features contextual alternates (calt) and standard ligatures (liga) turned on. If you do not have access to applications that support OpenType features, it does not matter—even without these features you can use and enjoy our font!

DIN has always been the typeface you root for—the one you wanted to use but just couldn’t bring yourself to because it was limited in its range of weights and widths, rendering it less useful than it could be. The century-old design has proven to be timeless, but modern use cases demanded an update, which resulted in DIN Next—a versatile sans serif family that will never go out of style. This classic design turned modern must-have includes seven weights that range from light to black, each of which has a complementary italic and condensed counterpart. The family also included four rounded designs, stretching the original concept’s range and core usability. DIN Next also boasts a suite of small capitals, old style figures, subscript, superscript and several alternate characters. A quintessential 20th-century design, its predecessor DIN was based on geometric shapes and was intended for use on traffic signs and technical documentation. Akira Kobayashi’s update made slight changes to the design, rounding the formerly squared-off corner angles to humanize the family. Rooted in over 100-years of history, it’s safe to say that there will always be a demand for the DIN design, and thanks to DIN Next, now it’s as usable as it is desired. Wondering what will pair with it perfectly? Check out Agmena™, Bembo® Book, Cardamon™, Joanna® Nova, FF Quadraat® and Quitador™. Featured in: Best Fonts for Logos, Best Fonts for Websites, Best Fonts for Tattoos

The Handel Gothic? typeface has been a mainstay of graphic communication for over 40 years - all the while looking as current as tomorrow. Designed by Don Handel in the mid-1960s, and used in the 1973 United Airlines logo developed by Saul Bass, Handel Gothic was an instant success when released to the graphic design community. Its generous lowercase x-height, full-bodied counters and square proportions make the design highly readable at a wide range of sizes. Handel Gothic's slightly idiosyncratic character shapes gave the face a futuristic look 40 years ago that retains its power today. In addition, its Uncial-like lowercase is instantly identifiable - and unique among sans serif typestyles. Award-winning type designer Rod McDonald was attracted to the simple, decisive forms of the original, but he felt the design needed to be refined and updated. ?One of my goals was to bring a modern typographic discipline to what was really an old phototypesetting font.? To achieve his goal, McDonald re-proportioned every character and balanced the delicate relationship between the curves and the straight strokes. He also added a number of alternate characters to extend the range of the design. ?I wanted to give designers a large enough character set so they wouldn't feel constrained in what they could do. I want them to be able to play with the fonts, not just set words.? McDonald enlarged the family from the single-weight original to five weights, each with a full suite of alternate characters.In 2015 Nadine Chahine designed matching arabic weights to this family.

Hollenbeck JNL is the Art Deco, all-caps cousin of Jeff Levine's Hallandale JNL typeface. This version utilizes the thick-and-thin stroke weights so popular during the Art Deco era, while retaining the look of hand-lettered copy. Best suited at larger point sizes, this font is a nice alternative to the over-used display faces reminiscent of that time period.

Dutch type designer Donald Beekman created this display FontFont in 2006. The family has 10 weights, ranging from Light to Ultra and is ideally suited for festive occasions, music and nightlife as well as poster and billboards. FF Softsoul provides advanced typographical support with features such as ligatures, case-sensitive forms, fractions, and super- and subscript characters. It comes with proportional lining figures.

Harajuku Script is an ‘easy-on-the-eye’ script font. I made it with a Japanese brush pen. The font is quite stylish, so I named it after Tokyo’s Harajuku area, which is known internationally as a center of Japanese youth culture and fashion. Harajuku Script would look good anywhere, but product packaging, websites and magazines could profit from this handwritten gem.