Meet Arlen, a funky, variable type family in 36 styles. Inspired by 20th century hand-painted signs and the visual culture of the 1980's, Arlen adds a little extra to this already charismatic mix. Arlen is a display sans serif that can be freely used for larger bodies of text. Among its most prominent visual features are high contrast, flaring stems and dynamic letterforms. With 860 characters in each font, Arlen supports most Latin-based languages and offers a large number of extra characters, dingbats, alternate glyphs, ligatures, and punctuation marks. Some of the most useful OpenType features are included too, such as Case-Sensitive Punctuation, Stylistic Alternates, Tabular Figures, Fractions, Localization, and a lot more. Some letters and characters come in two versions: thin and bold, and you can easily alternate between the two using a corresponding stylistic set. Arlen is a cheerful typeface that conveys kindness, good cheer, and only good vibes. It would feel at home both in digital and print mediums; it can be used in advertising, editorial design, social media, web design, packaging, or personal design projects. With versatility at its heart, Arlen would be a perfect typeface for large design systems that require multiple styles for typesetting.

Caveman is a very rustic font, suggestive of prehistoric cave art when man first learned to draw and to express emotions through painting. It comes in four styles and two sets of very decorative dingbats.

Steve Jackaman & Ashley Muir. An antique, rustic or even mystical design that will grow on you the more you use it. Pickworth contains all the high-end features expected in a quality OpenType Pro font.

Monggirella script font is a pretty calligraphic script font with flourishes, that will look gorgeous on all your designs, wedding invitations, love stories, branding materials, logos, business and wedding cards, calligraphy Insta quotes elegant fashion sketches, calligraphy love monograms and much more. Monggirella script font contains the Cyrillic glyphs too. Monggirella script font contains a full set of uppercase and lowercase letters and can be used to create a handwritten calligraphy look. Some letters include the flourishes and you can receive them by typing numbers after letters. Please use the glyphs map to choose the letters with flourishes Multilingual Support for 31 languages: Latin glyphs for Afrikaans, Albanian, Basque, Bosnian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Filipino, Finnish, French, Galician, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Malay, Norwegian Bokmål, Portuguese, Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Turkish, Welsh, Zulu. Cyrillic glyphs support for Russian, Belorussian, Bulgarian, and Ukrainian languages. (Does font support more Cyrillic languages just type a message in the text box below and see if all characters you’ll need are there.) Please note, sometimes the text box may not display the flourishes, but they are definitely available! :)

Sweetie Autumn is a Beautiful Calligraphy Font. Sweetie Autumn is an elegant script font with a contemporary atmosphere and impeccable form, inspired by timeless classic calligraphy. Not too thin and not too thick, balanced and varied, this font was designed to enhance the beauty of your projects. Sweetie Autumn also multilingual support. Thank you!

Girlia is an elegant script font with a contemporary atmosphere and impeccable form, inspired by timeless classic calligraphy. Not too thin and not too thick, balanced and varied, this font was designed to enhance the beauty of your projects. This font is PUA encoded which means you can access all glyphs and swashes with ease!

See also other font families inspired by Gans' original typefaces: Gans Tipo Adorno , Gans Lath Modern , Gans Titular Adornada , Gans Ibarra , Gans Antigua , Gans Antigua Manuscrito and Gans Fulgor .

The x factor How do you make a font like FS Albert unique, distinctive? “When designing a font I try to question every letter,” says Jason Smith, “but all you need is a few that have an x factor. With FS Albert, they’re the lowercase ‘a’ and ‘g’ and the uppercase ‘I’ and ‘J’. “I remember a friend saying, ‘Why on earth have you designed the ‘a’ like that? Isn’t it too friendly for this kind of font?’ And, in a way, that’s what I wanted – honesty and warmth, because a lot of big brands at the time really needed to show a more human side.” Range of weights and styles FS Albert is a charismatic type: a warm, friendly sans serif face with a big personality. Open, strong and amenable, and available in a wide range of weights and styles, FS Albert suits almost every task you put it to. Fontsmith has crafted five finely-tuned upright Roman weights and four italic weights, as well as a special Narrow version to provide the best coverage and give headlines and text an easy-going character. The chunky kid “FS Albert was inspired by – and named after – my son, who was a bit of a chunky kid,” says Jason Smith. “I designed an extra bold weight because I always felt that the really big font heavy weights had the most personality. “I recently told Albert this story. He laughed, and forgave me for thinking he was a fat baby. He liked the big personality bit, though.” 1000s of glyphs Not content with a character set that covered Europe and the whole of the Western world, the studio decided to go further afield. There are now FS Albert character sets that cover western and eastern European languages, including those of Russia, as well as Cyrillic, Arabic and Greek scripts. In fact, the font now covers more than 100 languages, making it ideal for bringing a consistent typographic style to the communications of global brands.

The x factor How do you make a font like FS Albert unique, distinctive? “When designing a font I try to question every letter,” says Jason Smith, “but all you need is a few that have an x factor. With FS Albert, they’re the lowercase ‘a’ and ‘g’ and the uppercase ‘I’ and ‘J’. “I remember a friend saying, ‘Why on earth have you designed the ‘a’ like that? Isn’t it too friendly for this kind of font?’ And, in a way, that’s what I wanted – honesty and warmth, because a lot of big brands at the time really needed to show a more human side.” Range of weights and styles FS Albert is a charismatic type: a warm, friendly sans serif face with a big personality. Open, strong and amenable, and available in a wide range of weights and styles, FS Albert suits almost every task you put it to. Fontsmith has crafted five finely-tuned upright Roman weights and four italic weights, as well as a special Narrow version to provide the best coverage and give headlines and text an easy-going character. The chunky kid “FS Albert was inspired by – and named after – my son, who was a bit of a chunky kid,” says Jason Smith. “I designed an extra bold weight because I always felt that the really big font heavy weights had the most personality. “I recently told Albert this story. He laughed, and forgave me for thinking he was a fat baby. He liked the big personality bit, though.” 1000s of glyphs Not content with a character set that covered Europe and the whole of the Western world, the studio decided to go further afield. There are now FS Albert character sets that cover western and eastern European languages, including those of Russia, as well as Cyrillic, Arabic and Greek scripts. In fact, the font now covers more than 100 languages, making it ideal for bringing a consistent typographic style to the communications of global brands.

Adolone We are proud to present our new font. The new natural Adolone look with a classy and modern style makes this font look elegant, natural, stylish. Adolone will be perfect for invitations, logos & branding, photography, advertising, watermarks, social media posts, product packaging, product designs, labels, wedding designs, stationery, special events or anything else needed to create a theme. Adolone is built with OpenType features and includes initial and final language styles, alternative characters for most lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation marks, alternatives, ligatures, and also supports other languages.

Chokey Pro is a richly featured, multi-language, joined handwriting script with a host of uses. Derived from La Carte, Chokey Pro works well wherever a sense of informality and spontaneity is required. Use it for menus and wine lists, newsletters, recipes - even poetry. The idea was to create a stylish but legible script that would handle fairly sizeable chunks of copy. With 500 alternative letters (including over 100 combinations), a full range of small caps, superior characters and number variants, Chokey Pro will meet the demands of even the most sophisticated texts.

This font is inspired by a library we visited. Neat and elegant books make it our inspiration. Introducing Relliale - A Display Serif Font This gorgeous, stylish and modern font can be used for a host of different content needs and projects. Ideal for social media banners; posts, and ads, printed quotes, t-shirt designs, packaging, or even as a modern text overlay to any background image. Our font always includes Multilingual option to make your branding globally accepted. Features: Ligatures Alternate Multilingual Support PUA Encoded Numerals and Punctuation

Hi Presenting Everyone We are proud to present our new font. The new Walison natural look with a classy and modern style makes this font look elegant, natural, stylish. Walison will be perfect for invitations, logos & branding, photography, advertising, watermarks, social media posts, product packaging, product designs, labels, wedding designs, stationery, special events or anything else needed to create a theme. Walison is built with OpenType features and includes initial and final language styles, alternative characters for most lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation marks, alternatives, ligatures, and also supports other languages. Enjoy!

Online auctions offer a treasure trove of lost or forgotten merchandise, and many items pertaining to lettering just beg to be digitized into a typeface. Case in point is a partial set of brass stencils that were the visual model for Ultra Thin Stencil JNL. While most of the brass interlocking stencils available now and in the past have bold lettering for easy readability, this particular set consisted of condensed letters with thin lines. Available in both regular and oblique versions, they join a long list of stencil designs available from Jeff Levine Fonts.

Kimbiso is one of the most advanced fonts on the market. Its clean lines and ultra-modern style make it perfect for high fashion branding, cinematic videos, social media posts, and more. Best of all, it's easy to read and looks sophisticated and stylish. What do you get when you get this font? - Modern Sans is one font you need - Affordable and versatile - Multilingual support and complete characters set - Designed by a Typeface Designer - Get one font for any occasion - Multilingual support in this modern sans serif font - Well known for its exceptional readability

Ribfest is a new font based on lettering found on old United States currency from the 1800’s. Named after the Ribfest held in Naperville IL over 4th of July weekend each year, this font will be perfect for your next summer barbecue party. Ribfest offers three Fill fonts that can be layered behind the main open faced fonts, the regular Fill font covers the complete opening on the main fonts while the Fill T for top and Fill B for bottom gives you the option to fill with two different colors for top and bottom. The Fill fonts for Ribfest may also be used as stand alone fonts, the Fill T and Fill B fonts when layered together creates a unique look on its own. Expand your summertime fun with Ribfest and save me some of those rib’s, with extra barbecue sauce please. Special Note: When using the Opentype format of Ribfest, if you experience some letters appearing too bold at point sizes of 36 or above please install the truetype version that came with your purchase. Due to the extra detail in this font some graphics drivers may increase the boldness of the Opentype version of this font, the solution is to uninstall the Opentype and install the Truetype version.

A neat and clean-cut little sister for the grungy crosswordBill font. Try CAPS only too!

Introducing PCTL9600, the ultimate sans-serif typeface for conveying a technical vibe. Its fundamental style is perfect for designers who want to add a touch of technical sophistication to their projects without the vintage baggage that often comes with industrial fonts. But don’t let its simplicity fool you. PCTL9600 is a powerhouse of a typeface, with six different weights and italics included. Whether you’re designing a sleek tech website, a minimalist user interface, or a cutting-edge magazine spread, PCTL9600 has got you covered. And if you’re looking for an even more intense techno/industrial experience, be sure to check out its sister typeface, PCTL4800. With PCTL9600 and PCTL4800 in your toolkit, you’ll be ready to take on any design challenge with style and technical finesse. Most Latin-based European, Vietnamese, Greek, and most Cyrillic-based writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Bulgarian, Buryat, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dungan, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Gikuyu, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaingang, Khalkha, Kalmyk, Kanuri, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kazakh, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Komi-Permyak, Kurdish, Kurdish (Latin), Kyrgyz, Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Macedonian, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Nahuatl, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Russian, Rusyn, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tajik, Tatar, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Uzbek (Latin), Venda, Venetian, Vepsian, Vietnamese, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xavante, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec, Zarma, Zazaki, Zulu and Zuni.

Campland from Magpie Paper Works is a rustic, hand-lettered, sans-serif font chock full of summer-camp fun. This Opentype font features decorative glyphs and interlocking borders, as well as a complete uppercase & lowercase alphabet.

Another gem found in the pages of "Alphabets A to Z": rustic and rollicking fun in one face. Both versions of this font support the Latin 1262, Central European 1250, Turkish 1254 and Baltic 1257 codepages.

Anna Gagarin is the loving matriarch of the Gagarin Family. Her life was full of love and passion. She had several affairs with Futurist and Contstructivist artist in the beginning of the 20th century. She was in love with the Russian poet Vladimir Majakovski (born on July 19th, 1893 and died in Moscow on the April 14th, 1930). She gave birth to his son Boris. She called him 'a cloud with trousers'. After this love story, Anna Gagarin met the designer and artist Gustav Klucis in Italy. His radical and political ideas were much too childish for her. After a period of love and passion Anna gave birth to his son. At that time they were in Italy, which explains his italic forms. After her return to Moscow in the beginning of the 1920's Anna was introduced by Alexander Rodchenko. They were heavenly in love but Ilja Stepanova was very jealous on her husband. Anna once said that 'Alexander fills mine construction with love...' That phrase can be an explanation for the term Constructuvism as an art movement. Alexander was the great love of Anna. She gave birth to their love-baby Dimitri Gagarin. That night Alexander designed his most famous poster. A decade before that Anna told it was
'a time for a change'. In a local bar in Sint Petersburg she met Gregory Rasputin. At that time Rasputin was a well known person and a respected member of the Sint Petersburg upper class.His diabolic character influenced Anna and after several months she gave birth to their son Kurt. He inherited the main characteristics of his father. The Gagarin Family wants to give love and wants be loved...

Chottlen Script is a vintage script typeface. Drawn and created by Toni Studio and Mans Greback in 2022, this cursive lettering has a sympatic character and a down to earth personality, perfect for your retro logotype or a rustic article headline. The Chottlen Script font family consists of Regular and Italic, and comes with multiple decorative swashy letters. Use * and # after any letter to make a tail. Example: Signature# Use _ anywhere in a word to make a swash. Example: Love_letter Use multiple underscores to make different swashes. Example: Hand_____writer The font is built with advanced OpenType functionality and has a guaranteed top-notch quality, containing stylistic and contextual alternates, ligatures and more features; all to give you full control and customizability. It has extensive lingual support, covering all Latin-based languages, from Northern Europe to South Africa, from America to South-East Asia. It contains all characters and symbols you'll ever need, including all punctuation and numbers.

Spiraltwists is a family of 2 fonts giving assorted spiral shapes. In each font they're grouped in fours - the same basic spiral in 4 different orientations (N S E W almost), and Spiraltwists has solid lines making up the spirals, Spiraltwists Antique has dotted lines making up the spirals, giving them an antique or rustic appearance. Spiraltwists has heavier spirals on Upper Case, lighter spirals on lower case; plus a group of spirals with a straightened outer end and connecting lines so you get two spiral scrolls joined together by a long line at the top or bottom. (inputting UVWXYZ into the text-box on this webpage will show it). The big example on the webpage shows it all more clearly than any explanation. A fuller description, plus the above example, are included in the zipfile. Please note: for the avoidance of doubt, the font does not contain any letters, the text in these 2 examples is not Spiraltwists but Luzaine.

Wonder Smile is a lovely script typeface. With a quirky character, this optimistic and charming lettering will give any project a naive and happy appearance. In a hand-drawn style, Wonder Smile is your rustic and down-to-earth calligraphic font. Use underscore _ before or after any letter to make cute heart decorations. Example: _beauty_ Write # after any letter to make a swash. Example: Wand#er (Download required.) The Wonder Smile typeface family consist of four diverse styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and Bold Italic. The font is built with advanced OpenType functionality and has a guaranteed top-notch quality, containing stylistic and contextual alternates, ligatures and more features; all to give you full control and customizability. It has extensive lingual support, covering all Latin-based languages, from Northern Europe to South Africa, from America to South-East Asia. It contains all characters and symbols you'll ever need, including all punctuation and numbers.

We cannot imagine anyone not liking beer. Especially on a warm summer night there is simply little that can top an ice cold brewski. And with the current wave of home-brewed ales and lagers, Vette Letters decided to not stay behind and brew its own brand. Just so we can design our own beer bottle label using our own font. VLNL Thueringer comes from the drawing board of Jacques Le Bailly (a.k.a. Baron von Fonthausen), the German-French specialist in the fields of both beer and type design. One day Jacques got inspired by Albrecht Dürers 15th century Fraktur (blackletter) alphabet, and decided to design a contemporary rounded version of it. Although the historic context is clearly visible, Thueringer definitely stands its own ground. It's a modern techno-style blackletter with a (beer)truckload of interesting design details. Thueringer contains a number of ligatures and an alternate set of numbers. Apart from the regular uses like logos, posters, flyers and headlines we definitely would like to see our Thueringer used on beer bottle labels and crates, but also cafés and hipster bars would do well with this modern-day blackletter. Hell, even wine or liquor labels, football team jerseys, Oktoberfest flyers, it's just too much to mention. As long as it is accompanied by a cold beer.

A Historic Revival with a Sophisticated Rustic Edge Pennyroyal began as a Barnhart Brothers & Spindler typeface called Plymouth Bold, first cut in 1900. What began as a straightforward rustic typestyle has been revived to include a more extensive character set. But this font wasn’t just revived, it has come alive with character and personality. Pennyroyal includes 564 characters. The expanded SmallCaps option for gives the typestyle a more sophisticated look, expanding on the original typeface inspiration. Opentype features include: A collection of ligatures. Smallcaps. Full set of Inferiors and Superiors. Proportional figures and Oldstyle figure sets

See also other font families inspired by Gans' original typefaces: Gans Tipo Adorno , Gans Lath Modern , Gans Titular Adornada , Gans Ibarra , Gans Antigua , Gans Antigua Manuscrito and Gans Radio Lumina .

Spandau is one of the 12 boroughs of Berlin and, if you add Ballet, a New Romantic British band. It is also a very nice all caps art deco font. Not too soft, not too angular, just about right! Some upper case letters differ from their lower case kin. Comes with all the diacritics you'll need.

This typeface was developed for the Different Ground exhibition identity (and that explains the name of the font). The aim was to make an absolutely geometric, constructed font. Sometimes even too geometric and too much into it's own rules. But at the same time to make it look very humane, sometimes imperfect and weird, but alive and not soulless.

Belyna is a dazzling script font with a lovely atmosphere and spotless form, inspired by timeless classic calligraphy. Not too thin and not too thick, balanced and varied, Belyna was designed to enhance the beauty of your projects. This font is PUA encoded which means you can access all of the glyphs and swashes with ease!

Baile Guneta is an elegant script font with a contemporary atmosphere and impeccable form, inspired by timeless classic calligraphy. Not too thin and not too thick, balanced and varied, this font was designed to enhance the beauty of your projects. This font is PUA encoded which means you can access all glyphs and swashes with ease!

Gudytha is an elegant script font with a contemporary atmosphere and impeccable form, inspired by timeless classic calligraphy. Not too thin and not too thick, balanced and varied, this font was designed to enhance the beauty of your projects. This font is PUA encoded which means you can access all of the glyphs and swashes with ease!

Mistella is an elegant script font with a contemporary atmosphere and impeccable form, inspired by timeless classic calligraphy. Not too thin and not too thick, balanced and varied, Mistella was designed to enhance the beauty of your projects. This font is PUA encoded which means you can access all of the glyphs and swashes with ease!

Good Night Kiss is a fun and stylish handwritten font. Not too thin and not too thick, balanced, and varied, this font was designed to enhance the beauty of your projects. It is the best choice for creating eye-catching logos, branding, and quotes. Every letter has a unique and beautiful touch, which will make your design come alive!

Ahoy there, folks! Have we got a typeface for you! It’s called Autoradiographic, and it’s inspired by those trusty old warning signs from back in the day. You know the ones…“Inflammable! Stay away!” And boy oh boy, does it have personality! Back in the post-WWII era, low waistlines were all the rage—but let me tell you, strict waistline alignment was not. No, sir! That’s where Autoradiographic comes in. It’s informational, sure, but it’s also neat as a pin and chock full of personality. And listen to this—Autoradiographic has everything you need to crunch those numbers like a pro. Mathematical symbols? Check. Fractions? Check. Currency symbols? Check, check, and check. And for those times when you really want to make an impact, Autoradiographic’s italics are narrow and loosely spaced. Now that’s what I call a typeface with some serious sass! So what are you waiting for? Grab a copy of Autoradiographic today—it comes in five weights and italics, so you’re sure to find just the right fit for your project. Don’t miss out on the chance to add some mid-century flair to your work—you won’t regret it! Most Latin-based European, and some Cyrillic-based writing systems are supported, including the following languages. A Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Bulgarian, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Komi-Permyak, Kurdish (Latin), Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Macedonian, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Russian, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Uzbek (Latin), Venetian, Vepsian, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec Zulu and Zuni.

Dusty and charmingly rustic, Bandoliers is a hand-drawn family of eight loud speaking fonts. Not quite sure which one to pick? Ask the dust... Or just take them all! (Be sure to put your earplugs in!)

Arinoe is a cool display font that embodies uniqueness and authenticity in every character. Get inspired by its rustic feel, and use it for your lovely creative projects! FEATURES : Uppercase Lowercase Number Punctuation Multilingual PUA Encode Opentype

A distorted and fun Persian Arabic font which brings a lot of diverse emotions! Garmalad font is playing with standard and traditional way of Right to Left Arabic script. Based on Naskh, letters are designed in a deformed and disintegrated way to make it a typographic artistic typeface at the end. This font is a great choice for all graphic designers, typographers and visual artists. Shahab Siavash, the designer has done more than 30 fonts and got featured on Behance, Microsoft, McGill University research website, Hackernoon, Fontself, FontsInUse,... Astaneh text and headline font which is one of his latest designs, already got professional typographers, lay-out and book designers' attention as well as some of the most recognizable publications in Arabic/Persian communities.