Hand drawn narrow enigmatic grotesque for headlines, preamble and shorter or longer texts. Paradox X contain upper- and lowercase letters (A-Z + swedish characters Å Ä Ö), numbers and many many special characters and glyphs. Common ligatures fi, fl, AE, OE, ae and oe. (open type version of the font and open type compatible layout application required). Paradox X goes perfect with the font Paradox Runa (hand drawn elder norse “futhark” runes)!

The PM Doorbuster Collection is based on retro hand-painted paper signs primarily seen in grocery stores from the 1940s through today. We meticulously hand-drew each font, modeling the spacing and uneven baseline found in vintage sign painting. The purposely organic ascenders and descenders, along with a huge set of ligatures/contextual alternates to avoid the same letters repeating when paired, give it a real hand-lettered look. PM Doorbuster Casual is perfect for both vintage-inspired and contemporary marketing, branding, and packaging designs. It's a classic uppercase sign painter font that has been used from the 1950s thru today. You've probably seen hand-lettered versions used in tattoo studios, workshops, and chalkboard menus. Now it's available in a digital format with all of the authentic look and feel of actual hand-painted letters. Check out a few of the samples included in the thumbnails to see what can be done with it.

Symbah is fun, a carefree hand drawn typeface with a child-like spirit. Made with a brush and ink, and then converted into a digital format for you to enjoy. The design is fresh, organic and produced purely by hand and brush, a technique not replicated by digital methods alone. Symbah is full of personality and is ideal for projects that need creativity with an imaginative, and unique feel. Details include manual edited kerning and spacing, ligatures and case-sensitive punctuation.

Algeon Handdrawn Display Font: An Artistic Touch in Every Letter, where uniqueness and artistic touch meet in every character. This hand-drawn display font brings warmth and intelligence to your projects. Each letter in Algeon is designed with an artistic hand, giving it a unique and authentic feel. Algeon brings elements of hand-drawn beauty into every design, creating a relaxed and memorable look. Algeon is the perfect choice for projects that want a hand feels full of character. Whether you are designing posters, greeting cards, or other creative elements, these fonts add a special touch to any work of art. Do not miss this opportunity! Get the Handrawn Algeon Display Font now and bring artistic uniqueness to every letter.

PM Showman is based on vintage hand-painted sign writing from the 1900s through the 1960s. Seen on everything from office signs to posters, it was a staple of business communication and entertainment advertising in the early 20th century. We meticulously hand-drew each font, modeling the spacing and quirkiness of the original letterforms to give PM Showman an authentic hand-painted look.

Psyche is a swash font, hand drawn and tweaked and kerned to within an inch of its life. Perfect for fancy, funky initials and phrases.

Birdrockers is a realistic hand brushed font, with natural authentic brush, and also provided some alternate, ligatures and Swashes Extra. Brand new stylish textured fonts and make it easy for logotype with a hand-lettering Style. It will be great for Logotypes, Posters, Digital Lettering Arts, Clean Design, Branding Design, Sign, Merchandise and Social Media Posts. This font contains Uppercase, Lowercase, Number, Symbol, Punctuation, also support multilingual and already PUA encoded.

I have upgraded my existing font software and also bought new font software to play around with. It takes some time getting used to working with it; the upgraded software feels similar to what I am used to, but handles things differently and the new software is intuitive, but comes with its own language and ways of doing things. I spend most days reading the handbooks and watching online tutorials, but I did manage to create a font. Steamed is a hand drawn all caps display font that comes with a whole bunch of accented glyphs (even Vietnamese) to play around with.

Bobbi Bee won't stop popping her bubblegum, even though that's not very ladylike.

 Bobbi Bee is very proud of all of her 361 numbers, letters and alternates - all of which are chock full of summer sunshine and life. The font comes in a single weight (because she's perfect just the way she is.) She's cut out for a very special book title, logotype, or love letter. Keep Bobbi's hand firmly in yours in shopping malls, as she tends to get distracted and wander, and though it's hard, always remember to tell her how smart she is, as well as how beautiful.

Classic yet intimate hand writing with energetic flow and class!

This was created by hand, scanned and digitalized for quality.

Pop Tune JNL comes from the hand-lettered title on sheet music for "Does Your Heart Beat for Me?". This 1940s hit was co-written and made famous by Russ Morgan and His Orchestra. Many vintage pieces of sheet music employed hand-lettered titles and cartoon illustrations to emphasize the topic of the song itself.

Rephran is a font completely designed by hand, with brush and black indian ink,all the lines were softly made by hand. Every letter is like a piece of art, including the numbers and signs. Check the PDF in the gallery section to see the details. It includes Capitals, lower case letters, Signs and Numbers.

This fun sans-hand typeface gives your designs and layouts a personal touch that leaves a smile. FUNFAIR has two weights each with italics. FunFair has tall letters and tight kerning to give a natural hand written style. It’s great for posters, cards and headings but also versatile enough for many kinds of typographic layouts.

Sketch Block is a hand-sketched headline font. The family contains a light and bold weight; both complement each other perfectly. The mundane, constructed basic forms of the egyptienne typeface get their charming touch by the handmade hatching. Impressions of dominance and warmth are equally created. Created solely by me from sketch by hand and then digitized, Sketch Block makes a perfect font to create the hand-made character look, or to supplement illustrations with typography.

Sketch Gothic is a hand-sketched headline font. The family contains a light and bold weight; both complement each other perfectly. The mundane, constructed basic forms of the Franklin Gothic, get their charming touch by the handmade hatching. Impressions of dominance and warmth are equally created. Created solely by me from sketch by hand and then digitized, Sketch Gothic makes a perfect font to create the hand-made character look, or to supplement illustrations with typography.

The Azbuka™ typeface family has its roots in a fairly pedestrian source. “The idea came in part from an old sign in London that read ‘SPRINKLER STOP VALVE’,” says Dave Farey, designer of the typeface. Like all good sign spotters, Farey took a photograph of the sign and filed it away for possible use in a lettering or typeface design project. In Prague a number of years later, the street signs reminded Farey of the London signage - and his camera came out again. Comparing the two back in his studio, he realized that the signs from London and Prague were not as similar as he initially thought. However, they were enough alike to serve as the foundation for a no-frills, 21st century sans serif typeface family. “I wanted to draw a wide range of weights, italic and condensed designs all in one go,” recalls Farey, “rather than add on to the family later.” His goal was to create a family that could be used for text and display copy, with sufficient weights to provide a broad typographic palette. Indeed, the completed design, created in collaboration with fellow type designer Richard Dawson, consists of twenty typefaces in eight weights ranging from extra light to extra black. The five mid-range designs have complementary italics. Seven condensed designs round out the family. Azbuka’s lighter weights perform remarkably well in blocks of text composition. “They’re clean and legible - and perhaps a little boring,” says Farey, “but they are perfect for copy with a down-to-earth, yet contemporary flavor.” The heavier weights are equally well suited for a variety of display uses. The designs are authoritative but not overbearing and will readily make a strong statement without calling attention to themselves. The condensed weights of Azbuka are ideal for those instances where you have a lot to say - and not much room to say it. The name Azbuka? It’s Russian for “alphabet.” And what more appropriate name could there be for this utilitarian, industrial-strength type family than alphabet? The Azbuka family is available as a suite of OpenType Pro fonts. Graphic communicators can now work with this versatile design while taking advantage of OpenType’s capabilities. The Azbuka Pro fonts also offer an extended character set that supports most Central European and many Eastern European languages

Sheet music for a selection from the 1928 musical “New Moon” had the show’s title hand lettered in a bold sans serif that reflected the upcoming Art Deco movement, along with a contoured outline around the letters. This served as the model for Poster Contoured JNL, which is available in both regular and oblique versions.

A 1938 issue of the Spanish language movie fan magazine Cine-Mundial (Movie World) had an article entitled "Lo Que Visten Las Estrellas" ("What Stars Wear"). The headline of the article was hand lettered in a lovely Art Deco monoline sans serif, which is now available as Wardrobe JNL in both regular and oblique versions.

The antique sheet music for the 1915 song "A Girl in Your Arms is Worth Two in Your Dreams" had its title hand lettered in a Roman typeface that reflected ever so slightly the Art Nouveau influences of the time. This design is now available as Romance Roman JNL, in both regular and oblique versions.

Pondicherry is a nice city in the South-East of India. It has changed colonial hands over time, but after the last colonial power (the French) left in 1954, it reunited with India. I have always liked the name Pondicherry. It evokes something happy and exotic and I guess I had the same feeling when I developed this font. Pondicherry font is an outlined affair with an uneven baseline and an overall 'happy' feel. It is an all caps font, but upper and lower case differ and you can use them together. Pondicherry comes with a treasure chest full of diacritics.

This hand-written script is very crafty, drippy, and scary and is perfect for your Halloween or haunted font projects.

From the cover of the 1932 sheet music for “A Great Big Bunch of You” comes a hand-lettered Art Deco type design; boldly hand lettered with contrasting angled lines and varying character widths. Deco Romance JNL is available in both regular and oblique versions.

Donut Derby is a playful, hand lettered caps font. It's got smooth lines, a heavy weight, and cute curves. Mix lower and upper cases for a more authentically hand-lettered look. Includes 5 ampersand alternates, because I like to have lots of options for ampersands. :)

Noted is that perfect quirky font you'll use again and again! Mix and match upper and lowercase letters to create your own unique hand-jotted look!

Introducing Junegull, the typeface that seamlessly blends retro-tech design with a contemporary twist. With its friendly all-caps rounded sans, Junegull is like a breath of fresh air—a perfect combination of technological prowess and gentle charm. But don’t let its cuddly appearance fool you; Junegull is like a murderous mechanical teddy bear, with a sharp edge that’s ready to take on any design challenge. For those who crave something wilder, Junegull Beach is the font for you. This wild sibling is perfect for those who want to take their designs to the next level. With Junegull Beach, every letter pair is carefully crafted to give you a more realistic, sandy feel. It’s like taking a walk on the beach, with every letter a grain of sand that transports you to a world of creativity. What sets Junegull Beach apart is its tailor-made pairs, giving you a font that’s uniquely yours. Whether you’re designing a logo, a website, or a poster, Junegull Beach will help you stand out from the crowd with its dynamic and playful style. So why settle for an ordinary font when you can have Junegull and Junegull Beach? With their retro-tech design and contemporary charm, these fonts are a must-have for any designer looking to create something truly extraordinary. Most Latin-based European writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kurdish (Latin), Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Uzbek (Latin), Venetian, Vepsian, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec Zulu and Zuni.

A type designed in a grid, like on display panels Type is not only printed. There were always and still are a number of forms of type versions which function completely differently. Even very early in the history of script there were attempts to combine a few single elements into the diverse forms of individual characters and also efforts to construct the forms of letters within a geometric grid system. The “instructions” of Albrecht Dürer are probably most well-known. But although designers of past centuries assumed the ideal to basically be an artist’s handwritten script, the idea which developed in the course of mechanization was to “build” characters in a building block system only by stringing together one basic element — the so-called grid type was discovered, represented most commonly today by »pixel types.« But even before computers, there were display systems which presented types with the help of a mechanical grid display, like the display panels in public transportation (bus, train) or at airports and train stations. In a streetcar, I met up with a modern variation of this display which reveals the name of each tram stop as it is approached. This system was based on a customary coarse square grid, but the individual squares were also divided again diagonally in four triangles. In this way it is possible to display slants and to simulate round forms more accurately as with only squares. The displayed characters still aren’t comparable to a decent typeface — on the contrary, the lower case letters are surprisingly ugly — but they form a much more legible type than that of ordinary [quadrate] grid types. DeDisplay from ingoFonts is this kind of type, constructed from tiny triangles which are in turn grouped in small squares. The stem widths are formed by two squares; the height of upper case characters is 10, the x-height 7 squares. DeDisplay is available in three versions: DeDisplay 1 is the complex original with spaces between the triangles, DeDisplay 2 forgoes dividing the triangles and thus appears somewhat darker or “bold,” and DeDisplay 3 is to some extent the “black” and doesn’t even include spaces between the individual squares.

Welcome to Scheme, the typeface that’s as friendly as it is stylish. With its rounded stroke ends, Scheme’s letterforms are soft and inviting, like a warm embrace from an old friend. But don’t let its gentle appearance fool you—this sans-serif typeface is ready to help you make a statement. Reminiscent of the technical lettering found on vintage typewriters, Scheme brings a touch of nostalgia to your design, while its vivacious curls and waves give it a modern twist. The creamy appearance of the font adds an extra layer of sophistication to your message. And with four different weights and italics to choose from, Scheme is versatile enough to adapt to any project. Whether you’re designing a logo or creating a marketing campaign, this typeface is sure to lend a reassuring equilibrium to your message. So why not give Scheme a try? With its friendly style and charming appeal, it’s sure to be a hit with your audience! Most Latin-based European, Vietnamese, Greek, and most Cyrillic-based writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Bulgarian, Buryat, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dungan, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Gikuyu, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaingang, Khalkha, Kalmyk, Kanuri, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kazakh, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Komi-Permyak, Kurdish, Kurdish (Latin), Kyrgyz, Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Macedonian, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Nahuatl, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Russian, Rusyn, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tajik, Tatar, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Uzbek (Latin), Venda, Venetian, Vepsian, Vietnamese, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xavante, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec, Zarma, Zazaki, Zulu and Zuni.

When Dupla was designed, its DNA shown the best of the typographic heritage from the XIX century types, the oldest san serif known, also named as “Grotesk”, a soft synonym for bizarre, unnatural weird. XIX century Germans' eyes were surprised, astonished by the formal strangeness that provoked the mutilation of the well known serifed types. But the skeleton and DNA are barely perceptible, an invisible part of the nature of objects. We are interested in the epidermis, the outer, the visible, which directly speak to the eyes, and Dupla tells us with overwhelming presence, that is a formal, traditional type, covered with a childlike sweetness, with slight curves, epidermic, sweetening even ink’s traps up. Frutiger said that Latin alphabet letter’s minimum skeleton is like a lock where you should fit all the letters you see, but that skeleton allows many skins. We use a different skin for every specific use. And Dupla’s skin points to how generous, how friendly it is; the sweetness of the big and good-natured. They do not feel very comfortable in low-cost airplanes company’s seats, but in the proper location with enough room, they'll fill the atmosphere with kindness. Do not ask for narrow columns, or terse captions in squalid sizes; do not ask for ridiculous “small print” in dark contracts where «The party of the first part shall be known in this contract as the party of the first part …» That’s not for Dupla. Large headlines, generous width columns to cover, rude pullquotes half-breaking columns, loud exclamations, great sizes, with black weights. It’s in the insultingly generous, almost obscene use where Dupla is felt. And if you consider this a obscene, gargantuan, typographical feast, Dupla brings you everything to demonstrate that quantity does not mean less quality. Multi-language support, Latin plus full coverage, complete sets of small caps, fractions, old numerals, modern, tabular, bonds and all the “gourmet” paraphernalia that Patau has accustomed us, after many years of work. If you want to be obscene and pass the censorship, use Dupla. Hedonism is just a venial sin.

The Goodlife type family is a lovely handlettering collection designed by Hannes von Döhren. It contains six different hand drawn fonts with loads of features and a set of extras such as catchwords, arrows, ornaments & more. With this set and a little bit of love and care it is possible to create beautiful “handmade” graphics. Equipped with automatically exchanging alternates, ligatures, end forms, swash letters and some other features, Goodlife is optimized to feel not just like a font but like true handletterings. Goodlife is made for complex, professional typography. The OpenType fonts have an extended character set to support Central and Eastern European as well as Western European languages.

Chittenden is a painstakingly hand-crafted, hand-drawn decorative font that get its inspiration from classic serif fonts, and adds some double-stroked panache of its own.

Clear Sans™ is a… wait for it… rational geometric sans serif. It is intended to fill a niche… to provide an alternative to the somewhat based-on-vernacular signage, somewhat geometric sans. I hear the word vernacular thrown around too much and too loosely. If a typeface is based in the vernacular, based on hand-painted or hand-crafted signage, then it should be based on the movements of the hand, retain that warmth and not on a pretty geometric model. For me, clean, geometric and precise doesn't have to be cold and expressionless. The original skeleton was hand-painted in 2008 to help determine and inform my decisions going forward. The typeface was completed shortly afterwards at the behest of an old friend for their identity. As usual, I expanded it, but considered retiring it since there were so many things similar out there. Years later, I had a chance to rediscover it and came to the conclusion that it could be improved, expanded in a logical and useful way, and introduced. I would be lying if I didn't admit that the rise of webfonts and embedded type in applications influenced many of the decisions I made about reworking Clear Sans™. Completely new Text and Screen fonts were developed that utitlize larger x-heights, space-saving widths, logical (and simplified) weight offerings… to name a few alterations. Even the pricing of each variant was considered to produce a more reasonable and simple solution for the developer, designer, professional and novice. Clear Sans™ is a departure from my previous sans serifs, but the influences of Aaux Next, Akagi Pro and Halogen are evident. Enjoy a light-hearted mini-site devoted to Clear Sans™

Clear Sans™ is a… wait for it… rational geometric sans serif. It is intended to fill a niche… to provide an alternative to the somewhat based-on-vernacular signage, somewhat geometric sans. I hear the word vernacular thrown around too much and too loosely. If a typeface is based in the vernacular, based on hand-painted or hand-crafted signage, then it should be based on the movements of the hand, retain that warmth and not on a pretty geometric model. For me, clean, geometric and precise doesn't have to be cold and expressionless. The original skeleton was hand-painted in 2008 to help determine and inform my decisions going forward. The typeface was completed shortly afterwards at the behest of an old friend for their identity. As usual, I expanded it, but considered retiring it since there were so many things similar out there. Years later, I had a chance to rediscover it and came to the conclusion that it could be improved, expanded in a logical and useful way, and introduced. I would be lying if I didn't admit that the rise of webfonts and embedded type in applications influenced many of the decisions I made about reworking Clear Sans™. Completely new Text and Screen fonts were developed that utitlize larger x-heights, space-saving widths, logical (and simplified) weight offerings… to name a few alterations. Even the pricing of each variant was considered to produce a more reasonable and simple solution for the developer, designer, professional and novice. Clear Sans™ is a departure from my previous sans serifs, but the influences of Aaux Next, Akagi Pro and Halogen are evident. Enjoy a light-hearted mini-site devoted to Clear Sans™

Clear Sans™ is a… wait for it… rational geometric sans serif. It is intended to fill a niche… to provide an alternative to the somewhat based-on-vernacular signage, somewhat geometric sans. I hear the word vernacular thrown around too much and too loosely. If a typeface is based in the vernacular, based on hand-painted or hand-crafted signage, then it should be based on the movements of the hand, retain that warmth and not on a pretty geometric model. For me, clean, geometric and precise doesn't have to be cold and expressionless. The original skeleton was hand-painted in 2008 to help determine and inform my decisions going forward. The typeface was completed shortly afterwards at the behest of an old friend for their identity. As usual, I expanded it, but considered retiring it since there were so many things similar out there. Years later, I had a chance to rediscover it and came to the conclusion that it could be improved, expanded in a logical and useful way, and introduced. I would be lying if I didn't admit that the rise of webfonts and embedded type in applications influenced many of the decisions I made about reworking Clear Sans™. Completely new Text and Screen fonts were developed that utitlize larger x-heights, space-saving widths, logical (and simplified) weight offerings… to name a few alterations. Even the pricing of each variant was considered to produce a more reasonable and simple solution for the developer, designer, professional and novice. Clear Sans™ is a departure from my previous sans serifs, but the influences of Aaux Next, Akagi Pro and Halogen are evident. Enjoy a light-hearted mini-site devoted to Clear Sans™

HorrorScope - A Hand-made Horror Font Foretelling Creepy Tales of Terror! This grungy hand-drawn typeface is inspired retro by horror novels and their garish cover designs that would delight and terrify readers in equal measure. It’s an all-caps font with unique uppercase and lowercase characters, along with a complete set of alternatives so you can avoid repeating those o’s, e’s and t’s. It also includes punctuation, numerals and language support, plus a separate selection of underlines, comic book style boxes and ink splashes. HorrorScope is a font that helps you achieve an authentic, hand-made look in titles and headers; perfect for book covers, movie titles, album covers, editorials and much more. Check out my usage examples for design ideas!

Briko is a legible hand-crafted type family that comes in two weights. Its little bit bumpy outline and soft edges give it friendly feelings. There are two versions of Briko Family; Briko and Briko Rough(textured). Perfect for a header for an article, posters or for anything needing a legible and neat hand-written type family.

Tarquin is a All-Caps sanserif typeface, inspired by the beautiful hand-painted sign. It has a strong personality, high contrast stem, and widely opened counter to improve the readibility as it designed for display purposes. It's available in 3 different style, REGULAR, STENCIL, and SHADOW designed for display purpose design Crafted beautifully and carefully with hand.

Obrigado means 'Thank You' in Portuguese. It is my way of saying thanks to the unknown designer of a Portuguese port-wine poster from the thirties. Obrigado font is based on that poster. As I had to work with a handful of glyphs, I designed the missing ones myself. Obrigado is a quite elegant and refined art deco font, which would be ideal for posters and logos. Obrigado speaks most Roman based languages.

Finesse and style in this condensed hand drawn elegant type forms.