My pet peeve for many years has been with the 'rn' in small texts, especially with my smart phone. I felt that perhaps others may have the same peeve. I decided to try and fix that with Atlantica. As you can see in poster No. 4. "With the combination of 'rn' in small text it tends to appear as 'm'. Therefore it may be read as 's t e m' instead of 's t e r n'. Altalntica has an alternate 'rn'. By invoking the < Contextual-Alternate > feature. Atlantica will replace each 'rn' - or you may individually change them if you desire". Also note the deep cuts to help legibility for smaller texts. This combination apparently does not appear in many words, but when it does it can suggest a different word as in; eastern, stern, tarnish, Tornado, Turn and in some names as well.

Copperplate was the classic nineteenth century engravers typeface, consisting of capitals and small caps only. Among others (for example Deberny & Peignot) F. W. Goudy's cut for ATF around 1901 is probably the most widely known. Copperplate typefaces are traditionally used for business cards and all that "serious" stuff. My Copperplate Classic is a completely new design, based on some old samples. To make it look more up-to-date and elegant, I gave it some extra swings here and there. The old fonts were all designed with clogging corners or points that can break off in the minds of its designers. Today we do not have those problems any longer, so I could give my Copperplate Classic real sharp pointed serifs. To give you more choice I now added this medium cut in three variations, medium, sans and rounded! Enjoy! Gert Wiescher

Copperplate was the classic nineteenth century engraver's typeface, consisting of capitals and small caps only. Among others (for example Deberny & Peignot) F. W. Goudy's cut for ATF around 1901 is probably the most widely known. Copperplate typefaces are traditionally used for business cards and all that "serious" stuff. My Copperplate Classic is a completely new design, based on some old samples. To make it look more up-to-date and elegant, I gave it some extra swings here and there. The old fonts were all designed with clogging corners or points that can break off in the minds of its designers. Today we do not have those problems any longer, so I could give my Copperplate Classic real sharp pointed serifs. To give you more choice I now added this light cut in three variations, light, sans and rounded! Enjoy! Gert Wiescher

Hi there! I'm happy to present you my new font! Adrim is a modern symbols and lines display font. Each uppercase character have a unique pattern with moon, stars and leaves. Here are also clear font option. It is perfect to use in any vintage logos, branding, flyers, product packaging, romantic stationery, ecology posters, astrology blog design, holiday invitations. What you will get: * Pattern and Clean styles * Uppercase and lowercase * Numbers * Symbols * Ligatures * Punctuation * Multilingual support If Adrim font family is not ok, please check out Avery https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/kaer/avery/ I hope you enjoy this font. Follow my shop to receive updates of products and the very hottest news! If you have any question or issue, please contact me: kaer.pro@gmail.com Please request to add additional characters and glyphs if you need! Thank you!

Introducing my Marioline Barnard Script, a passionatly crafted fancy script. Marioline Barnard script fully meets my expectations for a script that gives you luxurious vibes as much as casual vibes, elegant but simple, strong but light vibes. Marioline Barnard comes with beautiful uppercase and lowercase alternates (up to 11 level alternates, ligatures include), and swashes. Marioline Barnard has Multilingual support (Western European characters) and works with following languages: English, French, Italian, Portuguese, German, Swedish, Norweigan, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Indonesian, Filipino, and Malay. Marioline Barnard is modern script font, every single letters has been carefully crafted to make your text looks beautiful. With modern script style this font will perfect for many different project, example: invitations, greeting cards, posters, name card, quotes, blog header, branding, logo, book cover, fashion, apparel, letter, logotypes, wedding invitations, product labels, and clothing product, stationery and more. Thank you.

Introducing the elegant new Malloy Calligraphy Font! For those of you who are needing a touch of elegance and modernity for your designs, this font was created for you! Malloy was built with OpenType features and includes beginning and ending swashes, alternate swash characters for most lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation, alternates, ligatures and it also supports all latin languages :) What's Included Malloy TTF Malloy OTF Multilingual support all Latin languages Accessing the swashes / opentype features / glyphs: If you have opentype capable software such as Illustrator or Photoshop CC, you can access the alternate letters and ligatures via the character/opentype panel and glyphs panel. Or You can use Character Map (win) / FontBook (mac) to copy-paste required symbol into your text editor. Check out my blog: www.instagram.com/youthlettering pinterest.com/dmitriychirkov7 Thanks so much for checking out my shop! All the best, Dmitrii

German designer Rosemarie Kloos-Rau created Wiesbaden Swing in 1992 for Linotype. This light, informal typeface is based on her own handwriting, and the strokes have a feeling of spontaneity and energetic flair. Characters like the D, O, W, g, n and y really do swing with unbridled confidence and joy. Kloos-Rau says about her typeface: “From the experience with my design company I recognized the need for fonts with personality. Wiesbaden Swing is my contemporary contribution to the field of calligraphy, a headline font which offers a fresh and unconventional approach to typography.” This family has both regular and bold weights, and a set of Dingbats. The Dingbats are light-hearted and zippy symbols for holidays, children’s products, menus, and more. Wiesbaden Swing will add zest to packaging, catalogs, menus, websites, greeting cards, and magazine layouts.

March Evoked is a brand new display font pack that includes regular and outlined version. march Evoked is inspired by an early spring in Spain, with flowers in full bloom all over the capital city - Madrid. With contrast lines & curves it will give your design that chic & modern appeal you are looking for. It is perfect for logos, branding, posters, social media & all other creative projects. I invite you to check out the preview images, and I hope you will be immersed in my vision for this creative typeface that, I am sure, will work for all kinds of interesting projects you might be working on this year. If you end up publishing your designs on Instagram, tag me - https://instagram.com/silverstagco and I will make sure to showcase your design and work to my audience as well! March Evoked - Creaive Display Font Includes: Numerals & punctuation Full language support Would you like to get 5 completely free fonts worth over $75? No tricks, no hidden words, terms or anything. Just subscribe to my newsletter, make sure to check your email to approve the subscription, add me to your contacts so that the emails don't end up in spam folder and you will get 5 fonts for free. The fonts are packed with alternates, ligatures and some even come with extra goodies. https://view.flodesk.com/pages/63594052b967a943dd6cc528 Happy creating everyone!

Iranica is a new creation of Naghi Naghashian. It is extremely legible even in very small size. "Iranica" is reminiscence to my birthplace and my cultural root. Iranica is a modern Sans Serif font family. This innovation is a contribution to modernisation of Arabic typography, gives the font design of Arabic letters real typographic arrangement und provides more typographic flexibility. Iranica supports Arabic, Persian and Urdu. The highest degree of calligraphic grace and the clarity of geometric typography. This typeface offers a fine balance between calligraphic tradition and the Roman aesthetic common in Latin typography. It also includes proportional and tabular numerals for the supported languages. Iranica design fulfills the following needs: A. Explicitly crafted for use in electronic media fulfills the demands of electronic communication. B. Suitability for multiple applications. Gives the widest potential acceptability. C. Extreme legibility not only in small sizes, but also when the type is filtered or skewed, e.g., in Photoshop or Illustrator. Iranica's simplified forms may be artificial obliqued in InDesign or Illustrator, without any loss in quality for the effected text. D. An attractive typographic image. Iranica was developed for multiple languages and writing conventions. Iranica supports Arabic, Persian and Urdu. It also includes proportional and tabular numerals for the supported languages. E. The highest degree of calligraphic grace and the clarity of geometric typography. This typeface offers a fine balance between calligraphic tradition and the Roman aesthetic common in Latin typography.

When Patricia Lillie was growing up, she thought the coolest thing in the world would be finding her own name listed in a library catalog. The fantasy came true in 1986 when her first children's book was published. Five more followed. The thrill of seeing her work on library shelves hasn't abated, but today, Lillie is just as likely to see one of her typefaces on the cover of a book. She has created several display faces and image fonts. My first typeface designs were based on lettering I'd done while working for a library, doing graphics work for the children's section," she explains. "I currently do a lot of web design, but type is my favorite thing." The Tickles (ITC Tickle and ITC Tickle Too) are Lillie's first ITC typeface releases. "I was playing around with a Sharpie marker one day and liked the way the letters looked," she recalls. "I started redoing the letters from scratch in Fontographer to see what developed, and liked those letters too." ITC Tickle is a bi-form font (with both cap and lowercase letters of the same size) that clearly breaks a typographic rule or two. ITC Tickle Too has the same basic lettershapes, but they've grown clusters of stipples that give a three-dimensional quality to the design. The result is a friendly, offbeat display family that's guaranteed to add a giggle to your work."

Inspired by a find a coarse but decorative font was created. "Fundstueck" ist the German term for it. Fonts can be so simple. That is what I was thinking as my attention was turned to this rusty piece of metal. Only a few centimeters in size, I couldn’t imagine which purpose it might truly serve. But my eyes also saw an E, even a well-proportioned E: a width to height ratio of approximately 2/3, black and fine strokes with a 1/2 proportion — could I create more characters on this basis? Thought it, did it. The form is based on a 5mm unit. The strikingly thick middle stroke of E suggests that the emphasis is not necessarily placed on the typical stroke, and likewise with the other characters. But if the font is going to be somewhat legible, then you cannot leave out slanted strokes completely. Eventually I found enough varying solutions for all letters of the alphabet and figures. A font designed in this way doesn’t really have to be extremely legible, which is why I forwent creating lower case letters. Nevertheless, Fundstueck still contains some diverse forms in the layout of upper and lower case letters. Thus, the typeface is a bit richer in variety. By the way — the “lower” letters with accents and umlauts stay between the baseline and cap height. And with that, you get wonderful ribbon-type lines.

This bitmap font is made of 97 icons to use to express this time of the year... You will find christmas tree, Santa, cake, stars, gobelin, and a lot more. They work well for background tiling, just as symbols, or for anything else. We hope you like them ! Best size in bitmap is 20pt.

After the successful release of Encorpada Black, now it’s time of Encorpada Pro type system. Now with seven weights and a lot of curves. Freely inspired by the didones shapes, Encorpada Pro now have a extended character set with more than 40 languages supported, Opentype Features and Amazing Swashes in Italic Version.  Enjoy It.

Sometimes you want to go unnoticed, sometimes you don't. This font is definitely for the second option. Pedrita is a generous type, a bit bold, somewhat showy, quite authentic. When you need that extra-something, go with caps and turn on the stylish interlocking pairs: added eye-catchingness guaranteed. And let the good times roll!

In January of 2006, Jeff Levine fonts debuted with ten releases. Many of those first fonts were based on vintage lettering stencils, which were the "school years" catalyst for Jeff's interest in lettering and type design. Eight years later, his collection of fonts has become a giant catalog of display type ranging from Wood Type revivals to Art Nouveau, Art Deco to stencil, reinterpretations of old favorites, experimental fonts, dingbat fonts and typefaces reflecting a particular decade's styles of cultural popularity. Designs from old lettering books, type catalogs and advertising have also been fodder for many alphabets not previously available in a digital format. Along the way, many unusual lettering sources were also mined for type ideas. Vintage packaging, hand-lettered signage, sign making kits, rubber stamp type, water applied decals and at times just a singular letter example inspired many of the releases within this collection. It was a source of pride for Jeff Levine Fonts to reach 500 releases and a determined goal to grow the type library as far as possible. With this in mind, February 2014 brings forth many new releases. This one in particular, Ornery Polecat JNL, is the 800th typeface release from Jeff.

A fairy tale, is a folklore genre that takes the form of a short story. Story tale, is a new type family for wonderous, romantic, magical and playful narratives brought to you by Resitenza. The 1970s were wild and whimsical times. Book covers from this time were iconic, innovative and enduring; bold colour and stylised pattern dominated. Story Tales forms were inspired by 70s books covers, and aims to encapsulate the zeitgeist of the time, but the typeface is by no means constrained to revivals of this era. There are nods to 60's flower power & psychedelia, chromatic type and decorative queues from the 1800s and the spirit of post-war era children's almanacks. It is also perfectly suited to inspiring curiosity, imagination and fantasy in today's audiences. Each of Story Tales 8 styles (4 upright and 4 italics) stack on top of one another giving the designer broad aesthetic range. This layering of styles and the ornamental illumination allows striking multi-coloured typography for your book covers, editorial and poster designs.

Green Fairy is a chromatic font family highly ornamented for display purposes. Green Fairy’s characters have been specifically designed to accommodate its loops and ornaments following a modern typeface structure. Green Fairy has four chromatic weights: 1. Green Fairy Outline 2. Green Fairy Dots 3. Green Fairy Stencil 4. Green Fairy Full The outline weight has been created as the base or structure for the other weights. You can combine these weights as well as add colours to obtain multiple effects and type styles. Green Fairy has also three combined weights (combos) to simplify your work flow, for these occasions when you only want to use one single colour in your font: 5. Green Fairy Dots Combo 6. Green Fairy Stencil Combo 7. Green Fairy Full Combo GREEN FAIRY ORIGINS The origin of this typeface is the lettering I designed in October 2015 as part of my illustrated cocktail artwork called “Absinthe. La Fée Verte (The Green Fairy)”. Originally, this lettering only featured eight letters “AB·SINTHE” vector drawn in Illustrator. Right after creating the full-colour artwork, I designed a fountain-letterpress print version of it, in collaboration with Ladies of Letters, A.K.A. Carla Hackett and Amy Constable from Saint Gertrude Fine Printing. At the beginning of 2016 –and thanks to the project @36daysoftype– I found the motivation, and most importantly the deadline, to draw the rest of the twenty-six letters of the uppercase alphabet using Illustrator. I started 2017 having my first two calligraphy courses sold out, so I took this amazing opportunity to devote myself to Green Fairy for a few months. In February 2017, I purchased the font software Glyphs and I started to re-draw all twenty-six letters of the uppercase alphabet again. PRODUCTION PROCESS Green Fairy started being one weight, but quickly turned into a layered/chromatic font. Things were going more or less fine till I arrived to the Dots weight: 1) I started drawing squares following a grid; 2) Then, the squares turned into diamonds following the same grid; 3) Then, the grid wasn’t working so well on the round letters so I tried randomising the position of the diamonds but it didn’t work; 4) So I went back to the grid, and this time scaled down the size of the diamonds creating a visual half-tone effect. I spent over four weeks working on the Dots weight and I felt like I was in the middle of a very long tunnel and I couldn’t see the light at the end. I encountered many other problems along the way but by June 2017, I felt I was back on track again. I kept working, tweaking, re-drawing and re-adjusting, and then the diacritics came on board… And then more re-drawing, re-tweaking, re-adjusting and then numbers… And then spacing, symbols, and currencies… And then more spacing, kerning, contextual kerning for triplets… In September 2017 I told myself “that’s it, I’m going to finish it now!” But guess what? More re-tweaking, testing, hinting, testing, rendering, testing… For those of you not familiarized with typeface design, it is extremely time consuming and it requires a lot of hard work, focus and determination. This project could not have been possible without the help of these generous professionals: Jose Manuel Urós, typeface designer based in Barcelona and my teacher twice in the past; Jamie Clarke, freelance letterer and typeface designer who has released a couple of chromatic fonts recently; Troy Leinster, Australian full-time typeface designer living and working in New York City; Noe Blanco, full-time typeface designer and hinting specialist based in Catalonia; And Nicole Phillips, typographer currently relocating from Australia to New Zealand. To all of you: THANK YOU VERY MUCH!

Presenting my font called Hubber. This font has been inspirited by product retro posters from 60s-70s. I tried to make letters as much streamlined and gentle as possible. I hope you'll enjoy how sweet it came up. Hubber consists of​ such features as swashes, alternate glyphs, ligature, ​ and additional shadow font. Hubber perfectly fits for retro designed logos, posters, prints. Hubber Features: Up to 19 alternates for each letter with swashes Contextual alternates feature will automatically match alternate letters depending on their position or pairing 21 ligatures Shadow effect font to save your time. Just place the ​layer with Shadow font behind Regular to make the shadow effect Carefully tuned kerning (preview above doesn't show it for some reason) If you have some issues, questions, please let me know: lhfonts@gmail.com Hope you'll enjoy using Hubber!

Kewl is the result of being caught in the afterimage of one design project while conceptualizing another one. Just before finishing the final tests on Mrs Blackfort, the first of what became a long series of Charles Bluemlein fonts, some of the letters began morphing differently in my mind. The idea was to go on the heavier and more playful side, but with a South American sign letterer’s twist, rather than just good handwriting. I did some sketching, took some notes, then got busy with other projects. Some of that stuff eventually seeped into Candy Script and, to a lesser extent, the Whomp font. But it was only a matter of time before I got back to the original concept and finished it. Kewl is ideal for food packaging, book and music covers, magazines, and window splashes. Illustrations by Catriel Martinez.

GRUND is a new fontographic adaption of a remarkable 1920s epigraphical find in the city of Leipsic. This old well-known European trade fair hotspot struggled with a severe shortage of exhibition space around 1920. The solution was to dig deeper into the matter – literally – and 1924 the world’s first underground trade fair exhibition hall was opened right under the city’s central market square. After several changes of use during the past decades the sophisticated Art Deco entrance structure (architect: Otto Droge) was re-opened in December 2013 as a gateway to a new subway rail track. – The original brass lettering of the UNTERGRUNDMESSHALLE MARKT has been retrieved – and served as the inspiration for this new and unique font. If you’d like to see more exceptional Art Deco type, have a look at my Arthur series. __________________________________________________________________________________________

Cavendic is a Minimalist Modern Elegant vintage font with beautiful ligatures, tons of special alternative glyphs, ornament, and multilingual support. It's a very versatile font that works great in large and small sizes. Elegant Karin is perfect for branding projects, Logo design, Clothing Branding, product packaging, magazine headers, or simply as a stylish text overlay to any background image. ------------------------------------------------------- Features: All caps Stylistic Alternates & Ligatures Numerals & Punctuation Accented characters Multiple Languages Supported PUA Encoded ----------------------------------------------------------- HOW TO ACCESS ALTERNATE CHARACTERS Open glyphs panel: In Adobe Photoshop go to Window - glyphs In Adobe Illustrator go to Type - glyphs --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow my shop for upcoming updates including additional glyphs and language support. And please message me if you want your language included or If there are any features or glyph requests, feel free to send me a message, I would like to update it.

Rogsant is a Minimalist Modern Elegant font with beautiful ligatures, tons of special alternative glyphs, ornament, and multilingual support. It's a very versatile font that works great in large and small sizes. Elegant Rogsant is perfect for branding projects, Logo design, Clothing Branding, product packaging, magazine headers, or simply as a stylish text overlay to any background image. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Features: All caps Stylistic Alternates & Ligatures Numerals & Punctuation Accented characters Multiple Languages Supported HOW TO ACCESS ALTERNATE CHARACTERS PUA Encoded ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Open glyphs panel: In Adobe Photoshop go to Window - glyphs In Adobe Illustrator go to Type - glyphs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow my shop for upcoming updates including additional glyphs and language support. And please message me if you want your language included or If there are any features or glyph requests, feel free to send me a message, I would like to update it

Cherubina means ‘Blessed’. It is a name derived from the Akkadian “karabu / kuribu”, meaning “blessing, blessed”. A cherub is a type of spiritual being mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, often depicted as a baby with wings. This font was based on the hand lettering I found on a 1962 Japanese poster for the movie “Mother Joanna Of The Angels”. The poster was designed by Hiroyoshi Oshima. Cherubina font is an all caps font (upper and lower case differ and can be used together) with a medieval feel to it. I tried to keep the ‘spirit’ of Hiroyoshi Oshima’s lettering, but changed the glyphs and designed most of them myself, as I had nothing but the title of the poster to work with. I have added some ligatures as well. Comes with my blessing and an eternity of diacritics.

I love markets, especially the farmer’s markets with fresh produce and home made cheese. Too bad I need to travel a long way to get to one, as there is only a ‘regular’ market in my hometown - you know, with cheap duvets, ‘local’ fruit like bananas and a guy selling books about the end of times. I thought it would be great to create a font family you could actually use on a market. Hence Market Square. Market Square consists of 4 different fonts (each with its own Italic style), ranging from a fat marker font to a thin, squarish font. Each of them oozes freshness and authenticity and they were designed to complement each other. The cherry on top is the cute doodle font, loaded with fresh produce and seafood - just like you’d see on a Market Square.

Favela is an experimental, geometric and sans serif type family. It is characterised by scalable construction of glyphs – hairline version is at the same time condensed, regular is normal, and black is super extended, with short ascenders. Favela was made mainly for branding and display purposes but middle weights are prefect for short texts. Thanks to characteristic features compilation of extreme styles will work on layouts, websites and prints. Favela type Family consist 18 styles with scalable x-height and width.. All styles include over 500 glyphs with set of small caps.

Bamberforth is a new take on the type of lettering that was often seen on Railway timetables, share certificates and anything else that needed a distinctive heading in the mid-19th Century. This sort of thing was used on both sides of the Atlantic and can carry us back to another time. Bamberforth aims to give a modern clarity to a style of lettering that, in all other particulars, harks straight back to Victorian times. Bamberforth is ideal for giving anything a 19th century feel-especially posters, book headings, dust jackets and invitations.

Have you ever seen lettering that you can connect with but have no clue where you've seen it before? It strikes a chord with certain feelings but you don't know why. Slim Pickens was inspired by the lobby card and poster titling from the 1949 Doris Day film "My Dream is Yours", and keys into the look and feel of vintage handwritten film poster titling. Something about that era in film made it easy to tie visuals with getting swept up in all sorts of emotions, good and bad. A narrow font, full of life and wonderfully hand-drawn, Slim Pickens is an accent font you'll want to have in your font collection for those tight fits, so buy it today and fill in the gaps of your designs with a little nostalgia!

Standard Request is 100% handmade, and was inspired by both grafitti and comic book lettering. When viewed at large sizes, the handmade look and feel really stands out - at the same time, Standard Request, is super legible even at really small sizes. I've added 5 slightly different versions of each letter, and they automatically cycle as you type!

Rock Face was inspired by a crude but effective home made sign I came across advertising a garage sale. The lettering was created using sticky black insulation tape which, like a child's drawing, had a certain naive charm. The type design presented here is obviously more considered, but I like to think it has the same raw dynamism.

Chank claims to have the fastest type design, we think we have the youngest. Samuel was merely four years old when he wrote out his first face. We are expecting many more brilliant typefaces from this upcoming designer. Please note that this font has no numbers or punctuation symbols; Samuel just did letters at that time.

Gordis is a letter to display ideal for situations humorous and tender, based on rounded shapes that weigh about their weight. It comes in three versions combined Open Type, which can be used in layers for special effects. Gordis was awarded at the third biennial TL08 Tipos Latinos. Put an end to those boring headlines, use Gordis!

Siena is a luxurious type. A modern contrasted sans serif. Over 25 years in the making, FS Siena is tailor made for high-end brands. Sumptuous, elegant and eclectic, a nonconformist typeface with classical roots. It’s been a long time coming, but with its heady mix of elegance and quirky charm, FS Siena is worth the wait.

Tabac Big can satisfy all expressionists desiring idiosyncratic colouring in setting because it provides black weights. But at the same time it offers solutions for orthodox environmentalists who like to save ink and toner — all the fragile hair styles are intended just for them. Less clearly-defined typographers can then choose from the six other weights, from Thin through Light, Regular, Medium, Semibold and Bold, including true italics. Tabac Big is a first and universal choice where we look for pronounced display type as a complement to text type. Its modern drawing, made up of precise arcs, sharp lines and seemingly simple segments, gives a clear and unmistakeable impression every time. And yet the typeface knows how to intrigue — especially in shaping the italics, which fully expresses the typeface’s unique details, such as its large bulbous instrokes and outstrokes and heavy wedge serifs.

LisaBeth Weber's eponymous typeface ITC Weber Hand is deceptively simple-looking. It's a handwriting face in a light, monolineal style with a slightly formal, almost angular appearance. Weber, who is an accomplished singer/songwriter as well as an artist and lettering artist, says she has always had an inherent sensibility with lettering." Her favorite subject in the first grade was penmanship, and when, as an adult, she got her first checkbook, "I thought it was very unfair that the signature always had to be consistently the same." She describes Weber Hand as "a natural progression of my handwriting style, a friendly and versatile font." Its letterfit is naturally loose, and it shows its character best when set with ample leading. In 1999, when LisaBeth Weber's ITC Weber Hand™ typeface was released, it soon became one of ITC's most popular handwriting fonts. A decade later she decided that is was time to update her single-weight design. A light weight would benefit from a bold companion, in addition to condensed variations for much greater versatility. This warm, friendly, and charming design is just as at home in Restaurant menus as it is in brochures, for advertising, and on packaging. With the new weights ITC Weber Hand will surely continue to be a popular handwriting type with broad appeal."