This delicious font family takes its name from the tastiest of Piemonte’s specialities. It has been designed in collaboration with Turin-based calligrapher and artisan Andrea Tardivo. Piemonte soil provides the most delectable hazelnuts, which are the key to creating a mouth-watering chocolate spread called Gianduja. This popular delicacy has a rich graphic history, with lavishly designed packaging. We sought to infuse the sweetness and tradition of Turin’s confectionary into a new font family, reinterpreting Italian models from the first quarter of the last century. All fonts were crafted by hand on paper first and then digitised in a way that retains the handmade quality and aesthetic. This family blends the Turinese touch from the old chocolatiers and the beautifully printed foils they use to wrap each exquisite creation. The extensive display family contains; Gianduja Sans a geometric font based on examples found in Italian art deco era artworks. Gianduja Script has been handwritten with a speedball pen following the standards of “Bella Scrittura” and Gianduja Capitals is a decorative font inspired by the “liberty” lettering signs from Piemonte. To complete the suite we developed an inline Capitals version, a set of icons and decorative elements all with the same handmade characters to perfect partner with each character set.

Ghimli Antique was created using the ping-pong method, based on the graphic idea of Artem Rulev and the participation of Vladimir Anosov in the future. Then we sent the font file to each other, adding something of our own and making corrections, and so on many times. Ghimli Antique has already managed to get 2nd place in the Granshan competition in the Cyrillic section. The name was obtained by combining the name of the dwarf Gimli and Studio Ghibli. The font is quite evil, incredibly dense, bold. It looks like when the dwarves closed ranks and go to defend their lands from the invasion of the orcs. Suitable for short word design, logo creation, menu layout and use in movies about gnomes and anything fantastic.

Alfarn is based on capital letters that Bauhaus student Alfred Arndt (1898?1976) drew for a poster in 1923, designed to advertise a bakery in Jena, Thuringia. The poster is an example for what we call today ?Bauhaus features?: yellow circle, red square, black bars and an indication of geometric lettering that became so popular in the following years. C�line Hurka carefully analysed Arndt?s lettering and derived two weights in different widths: wide and condensed. She took on the characteristic bars and transformed them into an underlined weight of its own. Hurka also drew perfectly balanced small caps, which make up for a missing lower case. Alfarn captures the spirit of 1920s Bauhaus-influenced posters ? a timeless style quite suitable for contemporary designs.

Tex Mex is simply a spurred version of our Saloon Girl font family. When you think of a classic western font you think of spurs in the letters, with Tex Mex we set out to create a font that stands out and says Western. Whether you're making a new steakhouse menu or a new logo for your cowboy boot and hat company Tex Mex is the font you're looking for. If you're a pioneer in the culinary scene Tex Mex is perfect for you're next cookbook cover, chili cook off or barbecue competition. Just like our Saloon Girl font Tex Mex also works in layers, to make a layered font image you'll need an application that works in layers such as Illustrator or Photoshop.

Cal Roman Modern is one more font from PKG “Cal” (Calligraphic) group. This time for calligraphic sketches we used a wide brush instead of the iron pen. Instead of minuscule letters, there are Small Caps (which are the same weight as capitals). Because there is no difference in the stroke thickness of capital letters and lowercase capital letters the difference in height is only one pen width, because of that, it is possible to use small capitals together with capital letters without noticing a difference in the thickness of the letters. Cal Roman Modern font is rhythmic, informal elegant, bright and light. As such, this font is widely used in the typographic creation of shorter text forms: magazine, catalogs and book titles, logos, posters, movie spots, banners...

Envisage is a distinctive new grotesk design by Alex Kaczun. Characterized by distinct details throughout as particularly visable in the capitals A, H and N. There is a more organic and natural feel to the overall design as in the sutle curves introduced in many of the lower case letter forms, specifically the a, h, m and n. And, especially evident in the warm overall curves within the l‘case g. In addition, incorporating flexibility in form and function, Alex has also included alternate letter forms in this OpenType font; allowing the graphic designer a choice in the overall look and feel. Envisage has impact and zeal. It's a wonderful choice for a distinctively unique headline treatment, and works equally well in text in a large range of point sizes. Use this friendlier sans serif as an alternate to Futura and Gill Sans. We think you will like what you see. The large Pro font character set supports most Central European and many Eastern European languages.

Throughout time, history’s architects have incorporated some of the finest illustrations of type into their great works--cuneiform on Mesopotamian ziggurats; Greek etched into the temples of the gods; inscriptions marking the monuments of mighty Rome. From these Roman inscriptions specifically, we take our capital letters of today; and while we've lost the need for serifs over time, our current characters maintain the classical foundations, even after being distilled to their simplistic forms. Here’s where we have the basis for Le Havre Titling. This updated face is a carefully optimized version of Le Havre that uses purely capital lettering. Originally inspired by the golden period of the passenger ship and the French port that bid a rich bon voyage to so many famed, luxurious ocean liners of the Roaring Twenties and Thirties, the typeface includes an exciting array of ligatures that brings it into the present day and gives designers a tremendous amount of versatility in their work. With its seven weights, Titling looks equally at home on the side of a building as it does in a finely crafted invitation. With over five hundred glyphs, Le Havre Titling offers a multiplicity of options for your projects. Combine ligatures, play around with two sets of art deco forms, use original caps, and more; every one of these is obtainable with the OpenType functionality. The new design also shares five weights with the original Le Havre, allowing you to maximize your potential through its interchangeability. Titling’s Thin weights are delicate but not too fragile, and its geometric forms give each individual composition you create an exquisite and beautiful sense of emotion. Without a doubt, this fresh, fashionable take on the classical forms offers your reader refined, yet unanticipated approach as he or she travels through your text.

Iwan Stencil is a new revival of an old display typeface. Based on type originally designed by Jan Tschichold in 1929, the style was revived by Klaus Sutter in 2008. The letterforms in this peculiar design are very high contrast; all of the thin bits are much thinner than the thick parts. They have a modern, upright axis. All in all, the creation has a bit of a Bodoni-gone-crazy touch. The thin elements are the unique part of the design that binds this face together. They almost naturally fade away in the stencil gaps (or pylons), making you wonder if you are really looking at a stencil face at all. These thins contribute greatly to the typeface's overall serif-style, making the design at least a semi serif typeface, if not a full serif one. The lowercase n, for instance, has no serifs of its own, but many of the other letters have clear ones, or serif-like terminals. A serif stencil face is a peculiar variety, especially in this day and age, but in the past they were much more common, if not the norm, The Iwan Stencil typeface has only one weight. Naturally, this is just for display. Use Iwan Stencil to cut real stencils, or only to create the effect of stenciled type in your design work. Ivan Stencil includes all of the characters that you have come to expect in a font. Just because this design was originally made in 1929 does not mean that is has a 1929 character set. Instead, it includes a 21st century, with extended European language support Jan Tschichold, who we have to thank for today's Iwan Stencil inspiration, was a man of many faces. A trained calligrapher who went on to codify the New Typography, would go on to become a teacher, a classical book designer, and the creator of the Sabon typeface. Like all young designers, he was occasionally in need of money. Before his emigration from Germany in 1933, he took on many kinds of commissions. In the late 1920s, a time full of waves of economic turmoil within Germany and across the world, he began designing a typefaces for different European companies, mostly display things like this. For a time during the mid-1920s, Jan Tschichold went by the name Iwan" "

The typeface DIVERSiTY Font is designed from 2022 for the font foundry Typo Graphic Design by Manuel Viergutz as a political statement #diversity #♥︎ 1 font-styles (Mix) with 245 glyphs incl. decorative extras like icons, arrows, dingbats, emojis, symbols, geometric shapes (type the word #LOVE for ♥︎ or #SMILE for ☺ as OpenType-Feature dlig) and stylistic alternates (3 stylistic sets). For use in logos, magazines, posters, advertisement plus as webfont for decorative headlines. The font works best for display size. Have fun with this font & use the DEMO-FONT (with reduced glyph-set) FOR FREE! Font Spe­ci­fi­ca­ti­ons ■ Font Name: DIVERSiTY Font ■ Font Styles: 1 (Mix) + DEMO (with reduced glyph-set) ■ Font Cate­gory: Dis­play for head­line size ■ Glyph Set: 245 glyphs incl. extras like icons (decorative extras like dingbats, emojis, symbols) ■ Design Date: 2022 ■ Type Desi­gner: Manuel Viergutz

The typeface GDR Traffic Symbols is designed from 2021 for the font foundry Typo Graphic Design by Manuel Viergutz. The rough dingbat display typeface is inspired by the past and the future. 306 glyphs / decorative extras like icons, arrows, dingbats, emojis, symbols, geometric shapes, catchwords, decorative ligatures (type the word #LOVE for ❤ or #SMILE for ☺ as OpenType-Feature dlig) and stylistic alternates (5 stylistic sets). For use in logos, magazines, posters, advertisement plus as webfont for decorative headlines. The font works best for display size. Have fun with this font & use the DEMO-FONT (with reduced glyph-set) ■ Font Name: GDR Traffic Smybols ■ Font Styles: 1 Icons + DEMO (with reduced glyph-set) ■ Font Cate­gory: Dis­play for head­line size ■ Glyph Set: 306 glyphs / decorative extras like arrows, dingbats, emojis, symbols ■ Design Date: 2021 ■ Type Desi­gner: Manuel Viergutz

A crispbake is a kind of cracker or rusk you eat for breakfast. At least, in Holland we do. They are called 'beschuit', they are round and they come in a pack of 13 (which is a baker's dozen). It turns out that this odd number of crispbakes in a pack comes from the fact that the ovens they were baked in held 13 crispbakes in a row and it was easier to pack them like that. So, should this question pop up during a game of trivial pursuit, you now know the answer! Crispbake font is a crunchy brush font. Completely handmade using a brush and Chinese ink. This fresh all caps font comes with a set of alternate glyphs and extensive language support, including Vietnamese and Greek.

My affection for Slab Serifs began in the early 1960s in Kansas City when Rob Roy Kelly was at the Kansas City Art Institute, teaching and writing his book on American Wood Type. I got to know him just well enough to gain access to his fabulous collection of wood type and wood type catalogs. Later, in the1970s, I tried to re-create a Nebiolo Egiziano for Roger Black at New West magazine. And again for Roger, in the 1980s, I designed a Slab Serif logo for Newsweek Magazine. Finally, in 2003, designed the Sutro Family. There were things I didn't like about it, so, over time, I’ve been adding some things and dressing it up a little. Sutro Shaded has existed for a few years as a one color, outlined, drop-shadowed display font. It seemed like it was just dying for a little color. I added five more fonts: Fill, Gradient, Hatching, Rules and HiLite. These fonts can be used in different combinations to achieve various effects. There is a downloadable SUTRO SHADED USER MANUAL PDF in the Gallery section for this family.

Bon Air was one of a series of script typefaces cut into wood by the Hamilton Manufacturing Company for the Morgan Sign Machine Co. (makers of the Line-o-Scribe showcard press) in the mid 20th Century. These were some of the last new designs cut into wood by Hamilton until the museum revival in the early 2000s. Bon Air was created in 1958 and trademarked in 1961. The wood type made for Morgan was used largely in department stores to make their own signage. The script styles are reminiscent of sign painters alphabets and evoke a Mad Men era advertising aesthetic. The font was only cut in four sizes: 12, 18, 36 and 72 line. It was distributed by Morgan for use in their presses, but as type high wood type, it could be used on any press. The font was issued with several alternate letters and ligatures to simulate the effect of hand lettering. Its lively strokes and odd details give it an exotic flavor suitable for advertising display work. The digital version includes all of the original alternates plus new characters to fill out a full European character set.

Becky is a versatile display type designed to appeal to to a young audience of creative, up-to-date people. Geared towards the world of advertising and retail. It is well-suited for large headlines, branding, logos, publishing and short texts. With a modern look inspired by such geometric classics as Futura and an overall edgy, informal quality (seen in details like the subtle curve of its verticals), Becky stands out as a fun, unique type. Becky is a 10-variant type family that comes in 5 weights: light, regular, medium, bold and extra bold. It features 445 characters in total. Becky features 2 alternative stylistic sets: SS1 in which the diagonals in the letters X, Y, V, W, R, K, y,x,v,w and k shift from curved to straight in order to achieve a more formal look, especially useful for smaller texts. SS2 offers alternate glyphs for I, E, J, e, j and t, further expanding the possibilities of the typography. Learn about upcoming releases, work in progress and get to know us better! On Instagram W Foundry On facebook W Foundry wtypefoundry.com

Beni is a bold & strong sans serif font family beautifully crafted to perform in short headlines in posters or contemporary interface design. Each character has been optically adjusted for maximum effect in the space between; as such, this is a strong contender for movie posters, titling, album artwork, and any design project that needs a clean sans serif that makes an impact wherever it is applied. This type family is available in four unique weights that stand well apart from one another in visual style. Beni Light is the runway model of the family, standing with a narrow posture and towering height. It’s a fantastic choice for conveying a message in a limited horizontal space. Beni Regular and Beni Bold are shorter in stature but both pack a punch, carrying bold strokes that speak with confidence and offer great legibility. The heaviest of the heavy, Beni Black is the super-bold, go-to type design for projects that need an impossibly strong type design at the helm. Beni extends multilingual support to Basic Latin, Western European, Euro, Catalan, Baltic, Turkish, Central European, Pan African Latin, Igbo Onwu, and Basic Greek for design projects intended for an international audience.

In the course of the re-vitalization of its Typoart typeface inventory, Elsner+Flake decided in 2006 to offer the “Kis Antiqua” by Hildegard Korger, in a re-worked form and with an extended sortiment, as an OpenType Pro-version. After consultation with Hildegard Korger, Elsner+Flake tasked the Leipzig type designer Erhard Kaiser with the execution of the re-design and expansion of the sortiment. Detlef Schäfer writes in “Fotosatzschriften Type-Design+Schrifthersteller”, VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, 1989: No other printing type has ever generated as far-reaching a controversy as this typeface which Jan Tschichold called the most beautiful of all the old Antiqua types. For a long time, it was thought to have been designed by Anton Janson. In 1720 a large number of the original types were displayed in the catalog of the „Ehrhardische Gycery“ (Ehrhardt Typefoundry) in Leipzig. Recently, thanks to the research performed by Beatrice Warde and especially György Haimann, it has been proven unambiguously that the originator of this typeface was Miklós (Nicholas) Tótfalusi Kis (pronounced „Kisch“) who was born in 1650 in the Hungarian town of Tótfal. His calvinistic church had sent him to the Netherlands to oversee the printing of a Hungarian language bible. He studied printing and punch cutting and earned special recognition for his Armenian and Hebrew types. Upon his return to Hungary, an emergency situation forced him to sell several of his matrice sets to the Ehrhardt Typefoundry in Leipzig. In Hungary he printed from his own typefaces, but religious tensions arose between him and one of his church elders. He died at an early age in 1702. The significant characteristics of the “Dutch Antiqua” by Kis are the larger body size, relatively small lower case letters and strong upper case letters, which show clearly defined contrasts in the stroke widths. The “Kis Antiqua” is less elegant than the Garamond, rather somewhat austere in a calvinistic way, but its expression is unique and full of tension. The upper and lower case serifs are only slightly concave, and the upper case O as well as the lower case o have, for the first time, a vertical axis. In the replica, sensitively and respectfully (responsibly) drawn by Hildegard Korger, these characteristics of this pleasantly readable and beautiful face have been well met. For Typoart it was clear that this typeface has to appear under its only true name “Kis Antiqua.” It will be used primarily in book design. Elsner+Flake added two headline weights, which are available as a separate font family Kis Antiqua Now TH Pro Designer: Miklós (Nicholas) Tótfalusi Kis, 1686 Hildegard Korger, 1986-1988 Erhard Kaiser, 2008

Chicago Ornaments is a collection of decorative cuts cast by the Chicago Type Foundry of Marder, Luse & Co. of 139-141 Monroe Street in Chicago, Illinois. This collection was shown in their 1890 Price List. According to William E. Loy, at least some of them were designed by William F. Capitain. Chicago was one of the innovative Midwest type foundries, introducing the American Point System. These designs represent the late Victorian period. After 1890, with the posters of Jules Cheret taking Paris by storm, Art Nouveau gradually began to displace Victorian style. In type design, both styles competed against each other until about the end of the century. Designers may want to consider using these ornaments when using Victorian style typefaces, like our Cruickshank, Edison and Freak - as well as faces by others such as Karnac, Kismet and Quaint Gothic. Included in the font are a set of Dormer-inspired caps, numerals and a few other glyphs - also from the Victorian period.

Pluto - and its straight companion Pluto Sans - was designed by Hannes von Döhren. The whole family consists of 16 Pluto Uprights, 16 Pluto Italics, 16 Pluto Sans Uprights and 16 Pluto Sans Italics; 64 fonts in all. Type designer Hannes von Döhren has created Pluto, a sweet type family consisting of 16 Uprights and 16 Italics; 32 fonts in all. The fonts are informal and friendly at first sight and lend themselves to display settings, however the straight and upright architecture of Pluto also makes it perfect for longer copy. Because of its large x-height, it even performs nicely in very small sizes. This contemporary type family is ideal for use in retail, cosmetics, food and hospitality applications and advertising. Pluto is equipped for complex, professional typography. The OpenType fonts have an extended character set to support Central and Eastern European as well as Western European languages. Each font includes alternate letters, fractions, lining-, tabular numbers, scientific superior/inferior figures and a set of arrows.

This is Alter Littera’s first original design. The font has been created by attempting not to reproduce any historical typeface in particular, but only to re-create the overall forms and style of classic black-letters from different time periods and places. Two specific sources must be acknowledeged nonetheless: (1) the “Black” type from William Caslon’s A Specimen of Printing Types (1785), and (2) the “Caslon Gotisch” type by D. Stempel A.G. (1926). In addition to the usual standard characters for typesetting in modern Western languages, the font includes a comprehensive set of special characters, alternates and ligatures, plus Opentype features, that can be used for typesetting as in antique writings and printings. The glyphs are clean, smooth and definitely readable, so the font will be suitable not only for large titles and headings, but also for full text pages. Specimen, detailed character map, OpenType features, and font samples available at Alter Littera’s The Oldtype “Alter Gotisch” Font Page.

Linotype Belle is a casual script face. Created in 1999 by the Swiss designer Isabelle Stutz, the letters in this design have a light, informal nature, and appear as if they were written out quickly, using a writing instrument similar to a ballpoint pen. Linotype Belle has two fonts to offer: Linotype Belle Plain and Linotype Belle Bonus. Linotype Belle Bonus contains more extravagant, swash-like capitals than Linotype Belle Plain's characters; when used together, these two fonts can create a varied, lively impression. Linotype Belle was a prizewinner in Linotype's Third International Type Design Contest. Additionally, the design is part of the innovative Take Type Library, and can be purchased as part of the Take Type 3.1 CD collection. The typeface works excellently when used to set magazine or newsletter headlines, and as text for greeting cards."

Eirene Sans is a sans serif type family inspired by grotesque typefaces with some humanistic characteristics. Simple, modern, and functional are the principal features of this type family; the uppercase glyphs present a sophisticated personality. There are 5 weights available and matching italics. It is a bit more condensed than normal width and the difference between thin and thick stems and the unique terminals make the type family have this humanistic personality. It has rounded forms in some letterforms and special characters (i, j, ., :, etc.), humanistic terminals, and very thin ink traps. Eirene Sans is perfect for digital and non-digital designs; it can be used in magazine titles, logo designs, packaging designs, and web designs. Features: 5 weights and matching italics Opentype features Arrow set Stylistic alternates (ft) Stylistic changes in italics Fractions Subscripts Inferior and superior numbers Language support (Latin extended)

The Face2Face (F2F) series was inspired by the techno sound of the mid-1990s, personal computers and new font creation software. For years, Alexander Branczyk and his friends formed a unique type design collective, which churned out a substantial amount of fresh, new fonts, none of which complied with the traditional rules of typography. Many of these typefaces were used to create layouts for the leading German techno magazine of the 1990s, Frontpage. Branczyk and his fellows would even set in type at 6 points, in order to make it nearly unreadable. It was a pleasure for the kids to read and decrypt these messages! F2F Monako Stoned was inspired by the Apple system font Monaco, and is one of 41 Face2Face fonts included in the Take Type 5 collection from Linotype. Branczyk designed 16 of these himself."

MotionBats are a sort of movable type otherwise. It is a symbol font type family integrated by 9 styles. The idea behind designs is to give to typographic pictograms –static for definition– the dimension of motion. In pursue of this spirit, each font shows a complete motion sequence. MotionBats are inspired on the photographic work of Eadweard J. Muybridge [1830-1904] –a talented multi-faceted Englishman– who worked in USA by the second half of the 19th century. In those early times of photography, he started –almost by chance– taking a comprehensive and impressive photographic sequential series of human and animal locomotion. This way, he placed himself more than a decade ahead from the beginning of cinematography. This type design family points to pay a humble and certainly incomplete homage to such a pioneering and amazing Muybridge's work.

Sagebrush JNL was modeled from examples of a vintage French Clarendon wood type in which many of the characters had rounded parts rather than the traditional all-slab serif approach.

Musirte Antiqua is a decorative display font great for large header-like usage, a distressed font design by the type foundry Intellecta Design based in vintage typography from XIX century.

Phoebus is one of Adrian Frutigers first typefaces which he made for the Deberny & Peignot foundry in Paris. The intention was to create a shadowed type with extra ordinary impression.

British type designer Malcolm Garrett created this display FontFont in 1995. The font is ideally suited for film and tv and editorial and publishing. It comes with tabular lining figures.

Letterpress Leftovers JNL gathers twenty-six vintage letterpress cuts on a variety of themes as well as an attractive wood type border in various positions on the 0-9 keys.

In contrast to the traditional process, Zubizarreta was created with the technique of emptying ink out to shape the letterforms. Oddly enough, the result is a type reminiscent of Basque.

The wood type lettering which was the inspiration for Hayfork JNL has been given a spurred treatment, and is now available as Spurwood JNL in both regular and oblique versions.

Illiad Sans is an adventurous type family, brave and charismatic, built for editorial contexts. The proportions are reduced in order to supress the need of small caps, avoiding editing hassles.

At the inauguration of a new suburb, the local authorities needed a poster typefont, but wanted a modern, trendy type. The Logoform font is commonly used in logotypes and trademarks.

Habanero is a hot, bold and happy typeface.  The font was created by Måns Grebäck in 2016, and it contains contextual alternates and ligatures to make your type stand out.

This Charles Borges' script takes full advantage of the Open Type format with several automatic ligatures that occur as you type for a nicer fit. Plus, the manual stylistic alternates allow you to choose the letters you prefer. Alternates occur automatically as you type in supported programs when you have "Ligatures" or "Stylistic Alternates" turned on. If your program does not support automatic ligatures and substitutions, you may still access the alternates manually using the printable keyguide or using Character Map (Windows) or Font Book (Mac).

Linotype Boberia is part of the Take Type Library, which features winners of Linotype’s International Digital Type Design Contest. Designed by Bo Berndal, its historical roots lie in the neoclassicism of the turn of the 20th century. The slender letters with a large x-height and marked stroke contrast give the font an elegant character. The nostalgic, flowing forms are typical of Art Deco fonts and allow designers a number of possibilities for the font’s use. Boberia includes regular, italic and bold type styles.

Santika Script with 172+ glyphs. Alternative characters are divided into several Open Type features such as Swash, Stylistic Sets, Stylistic Alternates, Contextual Alternates. The Open Type feature can be accessed using Open Type savvy programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Adobe InDesign, Adobe Photoshop version of Corel Draw X, and Microsoft Word. And this Font has provided PUA unicode (custom coded font). so that all alternative characters can be easily accessed in full by a craftsman or designer. Santika Script Santika Script Italic Happy Designing

RMU Belvedere is a revival of Heinrich Wieyncks design, which was released by Bauer in 1906. The font was completely redrawn and redesigned, and comes with a long s, two framing elements and two tailpieces. Get the long s by typing [alt] + b or turn the round s into a long s by using the OT feature Historical Alternative. Start making the frame by typing [alt] + >, and continue with [alt] +

Merryas Signature is a beautiful signature script based on manual hand writing. The stylistic alternate, ligatures and the tick and thin stroke make this font looks a real hand writing instead of typing a font. This type of font perfectly made to be applied especially in logo, and the other various formal forms such as invitations, labels, logos, magazines, books, greeting / wedding cards, packaging, fashion, make up, stationery, novels, labels or any type of advertising purpose. Features : Uppercase & lowercase Numbers and punctuation Alternates & Ligatures Multilingual PUA encoded

The type family was designed at ParaType (ParaGraph) in 1992 by Alexander Tarbeev. Based on the handwriting of the German graphic artist Betina Kuntzsch. For use in advertising and display typography. Additional Latin letters (for the whole family) and Greek letters (for the normal style) were added by Gennady Fridman in 2006-2009.