Most uppercase letters of these constructivist fonts are made to look like cyrillic letters, so by carefully interspersing those you can set your text and headlines with it and make it look Russian! To a native Russian this of course looks very silly indeed, so to make amends for toying with their letters I have also included a full proper and genuine cyrillic character set. So these are the first CheapProFonts fonts to support languages using the cyrillic script in addition to the usual 65 latin-based languages. Check out Kremlin Pro for a version with different designs for these glyphs: ¡ ¿ 0 3 6 9 K k M m N n R r V v X x ? ! ALL fonts from CheapProFonts have very extensive language support: They contain some unusual diacritic letters (some of which are contained in the Latin Extended-B Unicode block) supporting: Cornish, Filipino (Tagalog), Guarani, Luxembourgian, Malagasy, Romanian, Ulithian and Welsh. They also contain all glyphs in the Latin Extended-A Unicode block (which among others cover the Central European and Baltic areas) supporting: Afrikaans, Belarusian (Lacinka), Bosnian, Catalan, Chichewa, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, Greenlandic, Hungarian, Kashubian, Kurdish (Kurmanji), Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Maori, Polish, Saami (Inari), Saami (North), Serbian (latin), Slovak(ian), Slovene, Sorbian (Lower), Sorbian (Upper), Turkish and Turkmen. And they of course contain all the usual "western" glyphs supporting: Albanian, Basque, Breton, Chamorro, Danish, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, Frisian, Galican, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish (Gaelic), Italian, Northern Sotho, Norwegian, Occitan, Portuguese, Rhaeto-Romance, Sami (Lule), Sami (South), Scots (Gaelic), Spanish, Swedish, Tswana, Walloon and Yapese.

Calissha Script is a handmade font created with a brush and ink, bold and irregular baseline. Contains a complete set of lowercase, uppercase, alternates, ligatures, punctuation, numbers, and multilingual support. And additional Calissha Capitals, working in harmony with Calissha Script to create typography awesome creations. Get some inspiration from the preview above. Contains a complete set of lowercase, uppercase, ligatures, punctuation, numbers, and multilingual support. Calissha Script is perfect for use in watercolor design or lettering style bold hand, such as blog header, branding, t-shirt, weddings, social media, product design, stationery, advertising, apparel, cover books, business cards, greeting cards, branding, merchandise, invitations and handmade quotes and more. Calissha Script features OpenType stylistic alternates, ligatures and International support for most Western Languages is included. To enable the OpenType Stylistic alternates, you need a program that supports OpenType features such as Adobe Illustrator CS, Adobe Indesign & CorelDraw X6-X7, Microsoft Word 2010 or later versions.How to access all alternative characters using Adobe Illustrator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzwjMkbB-wQ Calissha Script is coded with PUA Unicode, which allows full access to all the extra characters without having special designing software. Mac users can use Font Book , and Windows users can use Character Map to view and copy any of the extra characters to paste into your favourite text editor/app.How to access all alternative characters, using Windows Character Map with Photoshop: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Go9vacoYmBw If you need help or have any questions, please let me know. I'm happy to help :) Thanks & Happy Designing!

I loved this monster font the second I saw it - it reminded me of Franquins Idées Noires... Reworking it and adding the missing glyphs and diacritics was quite time-consuming - but a lot of fun! Lots of details. The Lupineless variant is Lupine with eyes, decorations and stray hairs removed - which leaves just a very usable fuzzy font for your monster-related headline. Kevin King says: "I love fantasy writing and my favorite author is Terry Pratchett. In Reaper man, my favorite book, there is a werewolf character called Lupine, I wanted to make a font for him and for Ludmilla... It's a long story, it's a hairy font." All fonts from CheapProFonts have very extensive language support: They contain some unusual diacritic letters (some of which are contained in the Latin Extended-B Unicode block) supporting: Cornish, Filipino (Tagalog), Guarani, Luxembourgian, Malagasy, Romanian, Ulithian and Welsh. They also contain all glyphs in the Latin Extended-A Unicode block (which among others cover the Central European and Baltic areas) supporting: Afrikaans, Belarusian (Lacinka), Bosnian, Catalan, Chichewa, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, Greenlandic, Hungarian, Kashubian, Kurdish (Kurmanji), Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Maori, Polish, Saami (Inari), Saami (North), Serbian (latin), Slovak(ian), Slovene, Sorbian (Lower), Sorbian (Upper), Turkish and Turkmen. And they of course contain all the usual "western" glyphs supporting: Albanian, Basque, Breton, Chamorro, Danish, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, Frisian, Galican, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish (Gaelic), Italian, Northern Sotho, Norwegian, Occitan, Portuguese, Rhaeto-Romance, Sami (Lule), Sami (South), Scots (Gaelic), Spanish, Swedish, Tswana, Walloon and Yapese.

Introducing "Masked Hero," a dynamic and commanding font that stands tall as a bold, oblique, all-cap typeface. This font is not just a collection of letters; it's a visual narrative of strength, speed, and superhero prowess. "Masked Hero" takes typography to new heights by incorporating uppercase letters adorned with intricate wing patterns, elevating your design into a powerful champions. The uppercase characters in "Masked Hero" aren't just letters; they're symbols of superheroic identity, each adorned with wing-like patterns that evoke a sense of flight and strength. These letters become the emblem of your design, embodying the essence of masked heroes ready to leap into action. To provide designers with unparalleled flexibility, "Masked Hero" is equipped with alternates for both uppercase and lowercase letters. This feature allows you to customize the appearance of your text, giving you the creative freedom to push the boundaries of typographic design. The alternates enhance the visual impact of your message, ensuring that every word becomes a statement. With a sharp and bold aesthetic, "Masked Hero" is tailor-made for projects that demand speed, strength, and a touch of superhero flair. Whether you're designing a logo for a masked vigilante, creating dynamic sports-themed graphics, or crafting the name of a superhero, this font is your ally in making a bold statement. Masked Hero offers you: 1. 4 options of letters, All Caps (All options of the characters are included in one font) 2. Numbers and Punctuation 3. Multilingual Support (Latin Western Europe)

Metron is so far the most ambitious typeface made to order in the Czech Republic. Despite the fact that for a number of years it has not been used for the purpose for which it was designed, every inhabitant of Prague is still well aware of its typical features. Metron Pro was commissioned by the Transport Company of the Capital City of Prague in 1970 to be used in the information system of the Prague Metro. It was first published in the manual of the Metroprojekt company in 1973 and then used to the full, under the author’s supervision, for lines “A” and “C”. Since 1985 Rathouský's system has been disappearing from the Prague Metro; it survives only in the form of metal letters at its stations and at some stations of the Czechoslovak Railways. In 2014 we're mentioning the 90th birthday of Jiří Rathouský. It’s a good opportunity for updating and re-introducing his Metron. Extended was the choice of figures and fractions, new currency signs added, diacritics revised, etc., but above all the newly designed Cyrillics including true SmallCaps. Now we have six weights plus italics, where the tone of the basic style is even closer to the original. Ten years back we've had the feeling that this typeface should again take a part of Prague’s traffic system and today, when revisiting of all the fonts, the feeling turned to certainty. The main feature of this typeface is namely a noticeability a property above all welcomed in rush of platforms.

You gotta love this extreme take on the "gothic" blackletter traditions! Roger Nelsson edited a few letters, drastically improved the spacing - and then gave it the usual large CheapProFonts character set. Fun! Kevin King says: "Kingthings Spike was made because Buffy has one, I made Willow... Xander is yet to come. Oh and because I hate Engravers Old English! Pugin, eat my shorts! Sorry!" Kingthings Spikeless is a toned down version of Kingthings Spike. Kevin King says: "Kingthings Spikeless was requested by those who actually want to read text... well I call that tedious, but if you must, here it is no flourishes, just my small homage to black-letter." ALL fonts from CheapProFonts have very extensive language support: They contain some unusual diacritic letters (some of which are contained in the Latin Extended-B Unicode block) supporting: Cornish, Filipino (Tagalog), Guarani, Luxembourgian, Malagasy, Romanian, Ulithian and Welsh. They also contain all glyphs in the Latin Extended-A Unicode block (which among others cover the Central European and Baltic areas) supporting: Afrikaans, Belarusian (Lacinka), Bosnian, Catalan, Chichewa, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, Greenlandic, Hungarian, Kashubian, Kurdish (Kurmanji), Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Maori, Polish, Saami (Inari), Saami (North), Serbian (latin), Slovak(ian), Slovene, Sorbian (Lower), Sorbian (Upper), Turkish and Turkmen. And they of course contain all the usual "western" glyphs supporting: Albanian, Basque, Breton, Chamorro, Danish, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, Frisian, Galican, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish (Gaelic), Italian, Northern Sotho, Norwegian, Occitan, Portuguese, Rhaeto-Romance, Sami (Lule), Sami (South), Scots (Gaelic), Spanish, Swedish, Tswana, Walloon and Yapese.

Most uppercase letters of these constructivist fonts are made to look like cyrillic letters, so by carefully interspersing those you can set your text and headlines with it and make it look Russian! To a native Russian this of course looks very silly indeed, so to make amends for toying with their letters I have also included a full proper and genuine cyrillic character set. So these are the first CheapProFonts fonts to support languages using the cyrillic script in addition to the usual 65 latin-based languages. Check out Kremlin II Pro for a version with different designs for these glyphs: ¡ ¿ 0 3 6 9 K k M m N n R r V v X x ? ! ALL fonts from CheapProFonts have very extensive language support: They contain some unusual diacritic letters (some of which are contained in the Latin Extended-B Unicode block) supporting: Cornish, Filipino (Tagalog), Guarani, Luxembourgian, Malagasy, Romanian, Ulithian and Welsh. They also contain all glyphs in the Latin Extended-A Unicode block (which among others cover the Central European and Baltic areas) supporting: Afrikaans, Belarusian (Lacinka), Bosnian, Catalan, Chichewa, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, Greenlandic, Hungarian, Kashubian, Kurdish (Kurmanji), Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Maori, Polish, Saami (Inari), Saami (North), Serbian (latin), Slovak(ian), Slovene, Sorbian (Lower), Sorbian (Upper), Turkish and Turkmen. And they of course contain all the usual "western" glyphs supporting: Albanian, Basque, Breton, Chamorro, Danish, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, Frisian, Galican, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish (Gaelic), Italian, Northern Sotho, Norwegian, Occitan, Portuguese, Rhaeto-Romance, Sami (Lule), Sami (South), Scots (Gaelic), Spanish, Swedish, Tswana, Walloon and Yapese.

Prototype is a typeface with a very contemporary identity crisis—is it old or new? uppercase or lowercase? serif or sans-serif? Prototype tries to be all things to all people. There have been many attempts at creating a universal typeface, one that rationalises the alphabet and removes the inconsistencies of upper and lower case, applying an unreasonable logic to something that has grown organically ...and is already perfectly usable! Prototype was the same experiment carried out at a time when design was experiencing an identity crisis of its own—letterforms that try to be all things to all people but end up being something else entirely.

Bodoni Classic Deco is against all rules. Giambattista Bodoni himself would probably hate me for doing it; he was a real purist. The whole idea of the Bodoni typeface is no embellishments and here I go and decorate those nice clear letters. Shame on me! But I find this is a very nice and useful typeface for all kinds of cards and certificates. So I just did it for all of you out there that are not born purists, but want a little embellishment to their lives. And to make things worse, I added a Small Caps cut. I even decorated it. Enjoy! Yours, breaking all the rules, Gert Wiescher

Ala Kazam is a new take on Calligraphic fonts. It has all the drama and pen-like quality of the calligraphy genre, but presents as a casual, quirky, magical font. Ala Kazam evokes many moods - it's fun, it's sophisticated, it's fashionable, it's contemporary romance. It's perfect for a host of uses - branding, packaging, kids stuff, fashion, wedding stationery, greeting cards. Vigorous and readable, Ala Kazam has all the features usually included in a fully professional font. Language support includes all European character sets, Greek symbols and all punctuation. Ala Kazam makes use of OpenType features to avoid the mechanical look caused by two identical characters side by side.

Kanilia Font is a Modern Stylistic Serif typeface. A new serif that we created specially for branding needs, with extra ligatures and alternates in a unique shape just to add value to your brand. It so nice to leverage designer or product owner that need solutions to make their design look more stylish and modern. And specially for Kanilia Font , We prepared all the ligatures, and the alternates characters to help you create unlimited variations for your creative needs. A wide range of useful glyphs are included – see preview image of all glyphs. Dakosta Font includes: All uppercase & lowercase letters All numbers 0-9 & Punctuation Ligatures & Alternates Symbols Multiligual Letters

Audaciti Font is a Modern Stylistic Serif typeface A new serif that we created specially for branding needs, with extra ligatures and alternates in a unique shape just to add value to your brand. It so nice to leverage designer or product owner that need solutions to make their design look more stylish and modern. And specially for Audaciti Font , We prepared all the ligatures, and the alternates characters to help you create unlimited variations for your creative needs. A wide range of useful glyphs are included – see preview image of all glyphs. Audaciti Font includes: All uppercase & lowercase letters All numbers 0-9 & Punctuation Ligatures & Alternates Symbols Multiligual Letters

Dakosta Font is a Modern Stylistic Serif typeface A new serif that we created specially for branding needs, with extra ligatures and alternates in a unique shape just to add value to your brand. It so nice to leverage designer or product owner that need solutions to make their design look more stylish and modern. And specially for Dakosta Font , We prepared all the ligatures, and the alternates characters to help you create unlimited variations for your creative needs. A wide range of useful glyphs are included – see preview image of all glyphs. Dakosta Font includes: All uppercase & lowercase letters All numbers 0-9 & Punctuation Ligatures & Alternates Symbols Multiligual Letters

Rahem Font is a Modern Stylistic Serif typeface A new serif that we created specially for branding needs, with extra ligatures and alternates in a unique shape just to add value to your brand. It so nice to leverage designer or product owner that need solutions to make their design look more stylish and modern. And specially for Rahem Font , We prepared all the ligatures, and the alternates characters to help you create unlimited variations for your creative needs. A wide range of useful glyphs are included – see preview image of all glyphs. Rahem Font includes: All uppercase & lowercase letters All numbers 0-9 & Punctuation Ligatures & Alternates Symbols Multiligual Letters

It's been a while... more than three months we developed our brand new font. We call them "Meastro". Fun fact though, we want to call it "Maestro", but you know... we were afraid of the copyright thing. Meastro Script is a fun, bold, luscious, retro display script font. We crafted this font very carefully and make them very smoothly attach to each other. Especially, on the script version. You can see every character's tail beautifully connected one to another without using ligatures' help. This font takes full advantage of the Open Type format with several automatic ligatures that occur as you type for your preferred design. Moreover, the manual stylistic alternates allow you to choose the letters you prefer. Alternates occur automatically as you type in supported programs when you have "Ligatures" or "Stylistic Alternates" turned on. Meastro is Created with a ton of stylistic alternates, swashes, and ligatures, and also comes with layerable fonts to recreate the effect without uncomfortable overlaps of the extruded shadow effect. On this pro pack, you will also get the Meastro Display font! On this font you will meet the unique blocky and squared design, making your design feel classic and retro-like. Combine them and “boom”, you will be the “Maestro” of the vintage design! This retro typeface is perfect for logotypes, t-shirts, vintage badges, retro quotes, branding, packaging, posters, signboards, social media needs, etc. ——— Meastro features: A full set of uppercase and lowercase characters Layered Style Numbers and punctuation Multilingual language support PUA Encoded Characters OpenType Features +553 Total Glyphs (Script) +235 Total Glyphs (Display) +238 Stylistic Alternates +30 Ligatures +69 Swashes and more (Shiny and Graffiti Spray Effect Included!) ——— ⚠️To enable the OpenType Stylistic alternates, you need a program that supports OpenType features such as Adobe Illustrator CS, Adobe InDesign & CorelDraw X6-X7, Microsoft Word 2010, or later versions. There are additional ways to access alternates/swashes, using Character Map (Windows), Nexus Font (Windows), Font Book (Mac), or a software program such as Pop Char (for Windows and Mac).

Haettenschweiler™ is a very condensed, very bold alphabet. Haettenschweiler was derived from a more condensed typeface, called Schmalfette Grotesk, first shown in the early 1960s in a splendid book called Lettera by Walter Haettenschweiler and Armin Haab. Haettenschweiler became popularized by the Paris Match magazine. Use this distinguished face in large sizes for headlines. Character Set: Latin-1, WGL Pan-European (Eastern Europe, Cyrillic, Greek and Turkish).

Ascendant is a font duo, with contemporary serif family font and script. It’s so versatile to mix and match. Perfect for branding, editorial design, logo, book, poster, magazine, and so on. You will get : Ascendant Serif font with full set of lowercase and uppercase letters, numerals and punctuation, multilingual characters, standard ligature. Ascendant Script font with full set of lowercase and uppercase letters, numerals and punctuation, multilingual characters, ligatures, and alternate.

Victory Type is proud to present the release of another classic American typeface. Originally a wood-type, Barnum evokes circus wagons and wanted posters from the wild west. Rugged, rustic, old-fashioned and full of character, Barnum is a charming blast from the past and great for headlines and signage. This chunky slab-serif alphabet was digitized and expanded to include full punctuation and European characters by Noah Rothschild.

Introducing Graphy, the font that fuses the energetic spirit of street art and the trendsetting vibes of y2k culture. This unique typeface offers three distinct styles: Filled, Anti Counter, and Outline, whether you're working on logos, branding, or social media graphics Graphy Main File Has 3 style: Filled, Anti Counter, and Outline Instructions (Access special characters, even in Cricut Design) Unique Letterforms Works on PC & Mac Thank you, Dharmas Studio

Funny and crazy? Yes, all in one happy font.

A well balanced distinctive look; great for all applications.

A well balanced distinctive look; great for all applications.

Logotype is a sans serif contemporary all caps font.

Zugarbody is brushdrawn and compliments all kinds of texts!

Highly elegant font family for all your creative needs.

We have transformed the “99 names of ALLAH” into a font. That means each key on your keyboard represents 1 of the 99 names of ALLAH Aaza Wajal. The fonts work with both the English and Arabic Keyboards. We call this Calligraphy "Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala" because we have added "Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala" to each and every name. The first "Alef" has a "hamzit wasel", this indicates that the name can be pronounced both as "AR-RAHMAAN" or "R-RAHMAN" (in the zip file you will find a pdf file explaining the differences in the "harakat", pronunciation and spelling according to the Holy Quran). The calligraphy is rectangular shaped, and the "fatha" is big and covers almost the entire name, in most of the names. Decorative letters used in this calligraphy: "Mim, Aain, Sin, HHe, He, Ta, Kaf & Saad". Purpose & use: - Writers: Highlight the names in your texts in beautiful Islamic calligraphy. - Editors: Use with kinetic typography templates (AE) & editing software. - Designers: The very small details in the names does not affect the quality. Rest assured it is flawless. The MOST IMPORTANT THING about this list is that all the names are 100% ERROR FREE, and you can USE THEM WITH YOUR EYES CLOSED. All the “Tachkilat” are 100% ERROR FREE, all the "Spelling" is 100% ERROR FREE, and they all have been written in accordance with the Holy Quran. No names are missing and no names are duplicated. The list is complete "99 names +1". The +1 is the name “ALLAH” 'Aza wajal. Another important thing is how we use the decorative letters. In every font you will see small decorative letters, these letters are used only in accordance with their respective letters to indicate pronunciation & we don't include them randomly. That means "mim" on top or below the letter "mim", "sin" on top or below the letter "sin", and so on and so forth. Included: Pdf file telling you which key is associated with which name. In that same file we have included the transliteration and explication of all 99 names. Pdf file explaining the differences in the harakat and pronunciation according to the Holy Quran.

We have transformed the “99 names of ALLAH” into a font. That means each key on your keyboard represents 1 of the 99 names of ALLAH Aaza Wajal. The fonts work with both the English and Arabic Keyboards. We call this Calligraphy "Kids" because it looks as if a child is writing the names. The first "Alef" has a "hamzit wasel", this indicates that the name can be pronounced both as "AR-RAHMAAN" or "R-RAHMAN" (in the zip file you will find a pdf file explaining the differences in the "harakat", pronunciation and spelling according to the Holy Quran). Some of the letters in the calligraphy are unusually big, they look as a child is writing them. No decorative letters are used in this calligraphy. Purpose & use: - Writers: Highlight the names in your texts in beautiful Islamic calligraphy. - Editors: Use with kinetic typography templates (AE) & editing software. - Designers: The very small details in the names does not affect the quality. Rest assured it is flawless. The MOST IMPORTANT THING about this list is that all the names are 100% ERROR FREE, and you can USE THEM WITH YOUR EYES CLOSED. All the “Tachkilat” are 100% ERROR FREE, all the "Spelling" is 100% ERROR FREE, and they all have been written in accordance with the Holy Quran. No names are missing and no names are duplicated. The list is complete "99 names +1". The +1 is the name “ALLAH” 'Aza wajal. Another important thing is how we use the decorative letters. In every font you will see small decorative letters, these letters are used only in accordance with their respective letters to indicate pronunciation & we don't include them randomly. That means "mim" on top or below the letter "mim", "sin" on top or below the letter "sin", and so on and so forth. Included: Pdf file telling you which key is associated with which name. In that same file we have included the transliteration and explication of all 99 names. Pdf file explaining the differences in the harakat and pronunciation according to the Holy Quran.

Varidox, a variable typeface design, allows users to connect with specific design combinations with slightly varied differences in style. These variations in design enable the user to reach a wider scope of audiences. As the name suggests, Varidox is a paradox of sorts--that is, a combination of two disparate forms with two major driving influences. In the case of type design, the conflict lies in the age-old conundrum of artistic expression versus marketplace demand. Should the focus center primarily on functionality for the customer or err on the side of advancing creativity? If both are required, where does the proper balance lie? Viewed as an art, type design selections are often guided by the pulse of the industry, usually emphasizing unique and contemporary shapes. Critics are often leading indicators of where the marketplace will move. Currently, many design mavens have an eye favoring reverse stress. However, these forms have largely failed to penetrate the marketplace, another major driving factor influencing the font world. Clients now (as well as presumably for the foreseeable future) demand the more conservative forms of monoline sans serifs. Typeface designers are left with a predicament. Variable typefaces hand a great deal of creative control to the consumers of type. The demands of type design critics, personal influences of the typeface designer and the demands of the marketplace can all now be inserted into a single font and adjusted to best suit the end user. Varidox tries to blend the extremes of critical feature demands and the bleeding edge of fashionable type with perceptive usability on a scalable spectrum. The consumer of the typeface can choose a number between one and one-thousand. Using a more conservative style would mean staying between zero and five hundred, while gradually moving higher toward one thousand at the high end of the spectrum would produce increasingly contemporary results. Essentially, variable fonts offer the ability to satisfy the needs of the many versus the needs of the few along an axis with a thousand articulations, stabilizing this delicate balance with a single number that represents a specific form between the two masters, a form specifically targeted towards the end user. Practically, a user in some cases may wish to use more conservative slab form of Varidox for a more conservative clientele. Alternatively, the same user may then choose an intermediate instance much closer to the other extreme in order to make a more emphatic statement with a non-traditional form. Parametric type offers a new options for both designers and the end users of type. In the future, type will be able to morph to target the reader, based on factors including demographics, mood or cultural influences. In the future, the ability to adjust parameters will be common. With Varidox, the level of experimentality can be gauged and then entered into the typeface. In the future, machine learning, for example, could determine the mood of an individual, their level of experimentality or their interest and then adjust the typeface to meet these calculated parameters. This ability to customize and tailor the experience exists for both for the designer and the reader. With the advent of new marketing technologies, typefaces could adjust themselves on web pages to target consumers and their desires. A large conglomerate brand could shift and adapt to appeal to a specific target customer. A typeface facing a consumer would be more friendly and approachable, whereas a typeface facing a business to business (B2B) customer would be more businesslike in its appearance. Through both experience, however, the type would still be recognizable as belonging to the conglomerate brand. The font industry has only begun to realize such potential of variable fonts beyond simple visual appearance. As variable font continues to target the user, the technology will continue to reveal new capabilities, which allow identities and layouts to adjust to the ultimate user of type: the reader.