Malou Verlomme’s Madera is a typeface made strictly for graphic designers, created as an indispensable type toolbox that can meet the needs of both print and digital environments. Verlomme has drawn on his extensive experience creating bespoke type for major brands, and Madera is a “typographic synthesis” of this work. Although designed as a restrained sans serif, the typeface has some punchy personality – with sharpened apexes that inject flavour into the design, particularly in the darker weights and when set at all caps. Madera sits alongside fellow geometric designs such as Proxima Nova, Gotham or Avenir, offering a straight-talking tone of voice but with some extra bite. If you’re a large corporation, with a typeface being used in many different environments you want something that's just the right balance of visibility and legibility to sustain an extensive amount of communication.” “The design is very solid but it doesn’t go out of its way to attract attention,” explains Verlomme. “It still has a fair amount of warmth and personality, in a very understated manner. The Madera typeface family has 32 fonts: Upright, Condensed and Italics. It is available in OpenType CFF and TTF fonts formats. Each typeface contains over 650 glyphs with extensive Western, Central and Eastern European language support. It also supports OpenType typographic features like alternatives, ligatures and fractions. Madera Variables are font files which are featuring two axis and have a preset instance from Hairline to Extra Black.

Belle Jardin is an Art Deco inspired display family of three typefaces, offered in in-line engraved regular and demi bold forms as well as a solid bold form. It offers upper and lower case solid slab-built forms that create an immediate atmosphere of the streamline era of the thirties and are also at home in post-war revival inspired design work. The letterforms are solidly legible and ideal for cover and poster inspired design work.

One of my dreams as a type-designer was making a good looking chancery cursive. Full of life, like some of the best calligraphers around the world do on their artworks. With Julian Waters, John Stevens and Denis Brown (just to name a few of them) (1) chancery, or italic script, was transformed into a new, exciting and very fresh style of calligraphy mainly at the end of 20th Century. Dream Script may be that dream named above made true. I have been practicing chancery in the way I learnt from those calligraphers for many years now. Making a font out of my ink-sketches was a tough work, since they were closer of -being art- than of -being type-. However, this font rescues many aspects of handmade calligraphy: You have to look at it really close to notice it is actually a font, and that was one of my goals. The secret of a good looking chancery is on its subtle details: pen angle is constantly changing, even on the strokes which seem straight. Capitals and swashes have to be done a little faster than lowercase letters. The rhythm has to be even, in spite of its playful look. The fact that makes Dream look alive is that it has many alternates per glyph. This makes each word look unique like it happens in calligraphy: you will find alternates for the beginning/ending of a word/phrase, some for the middle of it, some interchangeable. Also, to accompany the script, you will find Dream Caps, which was inspired in the eternally beautiful trajan capitals. Place them like I did on the posters and you will have great results for sure. The font works great in small, middle and big sizes and can be a great selection for magazines, wedding invitations, perfumes, and posters. Close your eyes, and Dream with me... TECHNICAL Dream Script Pro is the most complete style, it contains all the alternates and ligatures (OT programmed, better if you use Adobe applications) If you plan to use the font for text, be sure to activate the less decorative capitals, which are placed in the “salt” group of alternates. Dream Script Standard has less glyphs than the Pro one, it contains just some ligatures for a better legibility. (OT programmed, better if you use Adobe applications) NOTES (1) Not only are they great artists, but also good people, who are always willing to share with their students all what they know. I would also like to thank Ricardo Rousselot, whose work inspired me this time to make “The Dream Script” exlibris; and to Alisara Tareekes, a very talented friend which international calligraphy conferences gave me: She kindly helped me with some tips to make this font better.

“Corinthiago” feels equally charming and elegant. This stunning handwritten font is a stylish homage to classic calligraphy. It features a varying baseline, smooth lines, gorgeous glyphs and stunning alternates Alternates to help enrich your designs: 1. Titling (titl) alternates, are accents for initial letters. is the first stroke that is long and and slightly curved according to the letters, both lowercase and uppercase. 2. Swash (swsh) alternates, is an accent at the end of a letter, is an additional stroke to end writing. 3. Stylistic alternate (Salt), is an alternative glyph to add style emphasis. 4. Stylistic set (SS), some additional glyphs for design alternatives. If you use a combination of two lowercase with a combination of tilt and swsh it will produce a harmonic letter that you can use for a logo, no problem also for a logo consisting of more than two letters, all you have to make sure is starts with a titl and ends with swsh. All glyph alternates (titl, swsh, Salt and SS) are also supported by multiple languages. Another OpenType that is also very important is Ligature (league), this font consists of 51 Ligatures including: Abe, Ade, Ale, Ab, Ad, Af, Aj, Ak, Al, Am, An, Ao, Ap, As, Ax, Ay, Az, aa, ar, be, cc, da, de, di, do, du, dy, ee, er, ii, ir, is, le, ll, lt, om, on, oo, op, or, ov, ow, ox, oy, oz, ss, st, th, tl, tt, ur and uu. We continue to see the possibility to update ligatures in the future. This font is the right choice for a modern design, can be applied to invitations, writing messages in the form of quotes, book and magazine covers, and of course for your brand logo text.

Maat is a modular geometric stencil display font that includes a number of modular pattern characters, and can be used to create designs that echo early Modernism by merely applying letters, patterns and color. Maat is a loose interpretation of a hand lettered alphabet by the late Dutch designer Jurrian Schrofer called Sans Serious which was included in Wim Crouwel's publication Letters of Maat. It is inflected with a bit of influence from British designer Ken Garland's similar lettering form the cover of his textbook, The Graphics Handbook. Maat derives its name from the title of Couwel's booklet.

Introducing Movatif, the typeface that effortlessly combines the best of 20th Century sans-serif typefaces into one irresistible mash-up. With seven different weights to choose from, this font has the versatility to make any design stand out. But Movatif isn’t just any ordinary font—it’s packed with OpenType features that will leave your audience in awe. By simply pairing certain letters together, you can create a captivating visual effect that will absolutely freak folks out. Take the letters M and A, for example—they snap together in a way that is both cool and slightly fascinating. But what really sets Movatif apart is the way familiar pieces interact in unexpected ways. With every letter, your design takes on a personalized style that captures the dreary 1970s malaise in a fashionable way. So if you want to create something truly unique, give Movatif a try. With its versatile weights and captivating features, it’s the typeface that will take your design to the next level. Most Latin-based European writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kurdish (Latin), Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Uzbek (Latin), Venetian, Vepsian, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec Zulu and Zuni.

Handmade Dropshadow JNL was modeled from lettering found on a vintage silk screened metal sign used for point-of-sale marketing. Before the advent of computers and modern techniques, silk screens were hand cut using material called frisket and knife tools, and the lettering reflected the human inconsistencies of cutting these lettering into the template surface for transfer.

One of the type examples found within the pages of “Lettering” by Harry B. Wright (1950) is a bold hand lettered serif typeface with a unique twist – the slab serifs had rounded corners, looking very much like show card lettering of the early 1900s. This design is now available digitally as Maybrook JNL, in both regular and oblique versions.

Drakkar is a Latin typeface based on runes, the medieval script of the Vikings and Northern Europe. It imitates letters carved in wood with flared strokes. Just as the actual runes, it is a single-case font; instead of lower case letters, Drakkar has a set of slightly changed caps to enable the user to express handmade lettering.

It is a handwriting-style font for body text that emphasizes gentleness and solidity by using less curvature and making use of a straight feel. The handwriting feeling is emphasized through the style that makes use of the natural bending and stroke order. Softness was added in the shape of a gentle curve, and perspective was applied by setting a vanishing point in the lower left corner.

Inspired by strange classic typography, Gogles has its own unique style. This font is best suited for headlines of all sizes, as well as for blocks of text that have maximum and minimum variations. The Gogles style applies to all types of graphic designs on the web, print, moving images and more, and is perfect for t-shirts and other items such as posters and logos.

The idea was to create a typeface with a high black ratio that would work well in a compact style. The five styles of Vivala Black share similar metrics, so they can be easily substituted for each other in a body of text. OpenType features include ligatures, fractions, ordinals, numerators, denominators and stylistic alternates. Fields of application are posters, magazines, packaging, books, and corporate design.

Since the release of the first Andrea Handwriting in 2008, requests have come in for additional weights of the four variants in the font family. Andrea Handwriting II includes 16 fonts featuring four weights of the four original styles in the first release which have been improved for a more polished look, but still with a personal and casual feel. Sixteen styles – what’s your type?

In 1994, John Benson designed Alexa, Caliban and Balzano, three typefaces with a similar style. Characteristic of all of them is their calligraphic touch and the likeness to handwriting. Alexa shows a hint of a broad tipped pen style and its legible figures are reserved yet lively. Alexa is best for short and midsized texts as well as headlines and gives texts a personal, classic look.

It is a handwriting-style font for body text that emphasizes gentleness and solidity by using less curvature and making use of a straight feel. The handwriting feeling is emphasized through the style that makes use of the natural bending and stroke order. Softness was added in the shape of a gentle curve, and perspective was applied by setting a vanishing point in the lower left corner.

Welcome to the nostalgic ’70s with Scrubby, the typeface that will take you on a trip down memory lane! If you’re looking for a font that exudes softness, look no further than Scrubby. This typeface is inspired by the Bookman Italic, a font that was popular in the 1970s and remains iconic today. Scrubby is a typeface that embodies the spirit of the ’70s with its wild swashes and alternate versions of letters. The best part is that these are automatically substituted based on context, thanks to your application’s standard ligatures capability. So, whether you’re starting a word with “A” or ending it with lowercase letters like “k”, “h”, “m”, “n”, “r”, “v”, “w”, or “y”, you’ll get a fantastic curl on the left or a charming curl on the right respectively, adding a touch of softness to your text. If you’re worried about tail collisions or if you simply want more control over the swash effects, you can manually activate or deactivate them using your application’s OpenType swash or stylistic alternate settings. So, what are you waiting for? Relive the ’70s with Scrubby, and add a soft, friendly touch to your graphic design projects! You can easily access all the alternate characters by using your system’s character map or glyph panel. Most Latin-based European writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kurdish (Latin), Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Uzbek (Latin), Venetian, Vepsian, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec Zulu and Zuni.

M Razor is so called ""neo Sung-style"" typefaces. Crossbars (橫) and stems (豎) are orthogonal and upright. Their entry and finial points are squarish, parallel without flare. Contrast of strokes is extremely high. This creates sharpness, stiffness in the midst of elegance of Sungti. Even distribution of space, careful positioning, size and proportion of radicals create a slightly expanded, opened and balanced construction. Zhonggong are slightly expanded, its relatively less inter-character spacing makes the line of text better coupled and aligned. Its features and construction create a feel of wholesome, elegance with contrasting sharpness and stiffness. It is best suited for casual, creative display eye-catching text, set upright (non-slanted), non-condensed.

M Razor is so called ""neo Sung-style"" typefaces. Crossbars (橫) and stems (豎) are orthogonal and upright. Their entry and finial points are squarish, parallel without flare. Contrast of strokes is extremely high. This creates sharpness, stiffness in the midst of elegance of Sungti. Even distribution of space, careful positioning, size and proportion of radicals create a slightly expanded, opened and balanced construction. Zhonggong are slightly expanded, its relatively less inter-character spacing makes the line of text better coupled and aligned. Its features and construction create a feel of wholesome, elegance with contrasting sharpness and stiffness. It is best suited for casual, creative display eye-catching text, set upright (non-slanted), non-condensed.

Carat is a contemporary interpretation of a classic serif type. Fresh and clean in appearance. Straight, unsentimental and objective. Ideally suited for text but also with crisp details in display.  Well-equipped for ambitious typography, the Carat family consists of 12 styles, comes in OpenType format with extended language support for more than 40 languages. All weights contain small caps, proportional lining figures, tabular lining figures, proportional old style figures, lining old style figures, matching currency symbols, fraction- and scientific numerals.

Nirotica is a serif font that comes with very beautiful changing characters that will bring in your projects a touch of luxury and style. The modern style is perfect to be applied in various formal forms such as invitations, labels, restaurant menus, logos, fashion, branding, make up, stationery, novels, magazines, books, greeting / wedding cards, packaging, labels or any type of advertising purpose. Nirotica has 1129 glyphs and 736 alternative characters, including various language support. With OpenType features with alternative styles and elegant ligatures.

Plasto is a complete grotesk sans serif family. The quirky letterforms and its slight width variation characterized the typeface as fun and playful as "plastic" in a graphic layout, fit for various design spaces, fit for both informal or functional purposes, fit for large display and also small text. Plasto complete family contains 54 styles with two axes; Weight and Width. The weight consists of 18 styles from Thin to Black, and the width consists of 3 styles, condensed, normal and expanded.

Growing Boy Display Font Family is designed with a rather high x-height and consists of cute and creative glyphs. Nine weights include regular and rounded styles, the rounded styles are designed for soft edge. The really uniquely drawn glyphs can work well with any composition to create the layout you want. In addition, rounded styles increase readability and simplicity, so they can be applied in a variety of ways, including editorial publishing, logo design, brand identity, and on-screen channels.

Anko is a mix of Old Style Roman Serif styles. The glyphs are formed in extend width, smooth strokes, moderate stem contrast and soft edges to pursue clarity, quick recognizable text and warm personality. The italics style is 8 degree low slanted with redrawned lowercase which shown in more organic and flowy forms. Anko contains 8 weights with more than 450 glyphs that support extended latin language and opentype features such as standard and discretionary ligature and a variation of numeral figures.

PRALINER – New elegant font family with a lot of stylish alternates and ligatures. Really good looked for branding projects, packaging, headers, posters and signs. Playful and Stylish. Uppercase and lowercase initials. You can use it as for modern style typography and also it looks good in a vintage style projects. Especially when you combine strokes with shadow. A lot of alternates and ligatures give you a many unique variations for the same words. Comes with three widths with stroke styles.

Some words from the designer, Frantisek Storm... Designed by Josef Tyfa in 1959, digitalized by F. Storm in 1996. This Roman and Italic are well-known perhaps to all Czech graphic artists and typographers ever since their release. Although this type face in some details is under the sway of the period of its rise, its importance is timeless, in contradistinction to other famous types dating from the turn of the sixties which were found, after some time, to be trite. The italics live their own life, only their upper-case letters have the same expression as the basic design. Thin and fragile, they work excellently, emphasizing certain parts in the text by their perfect contrast of expression. When seen from a distance they are a little bit darker than the Roman face. Tyfa Roman was released in 1960 by Grafotechna in Prague for hot setting. Later on, Berthold produced letter matrices - "rulers" for Staromat devices, used for manual photosetting of display alphabets. In the eighties it was available on dry transfers of Transotype and today it is offered also by ITC. The meticulously executed designs of the individual letters in the 288 point size are arranged into a set of signs on a cardboard of about B2 in size. The yellowed paper reveals retouches by white paint on the ink. Blue lines mark the baseline, the capital line, the ascender and descender lines and the central verticals of the letters. With regard to the format of the flat scanner, the designs had to be reduced, with the use of a camera, to the format A4, i.e. to the upper-case letter height of about 30 mm. These were then scanned in 600 dpi resolution and read as a bitmap template to the FontStudio programme. The newly created bold type faces derive from Tyfa's designs of the letters "a", "n", "p", the darkness of which was increased further, approximately by 3%, to enhance their emphasizing function. The text designs have hairstrokes thickened by one third; the contrast between thin and thick strokes has been modified, in order to improve legibility, in sizes under 12 points. We have used electronic interpolation to produce the semi-bold designs. Josef Tyfa himself recommends to choose a somewhat darker design than the basic one for printing of books.

Meleo is a semiserif consisting of 10 fonts with a few original quirks but still very legible at both text and display sizes. Since its conception, the aim was a balance of uniqueness and functionality. The typeface owes its energy to the slight suggestion of calligraphic crafting and humanist structure. But it also breaks the rules: a small x-height and a whimsical uppercase with resemblance to the lowercase may render Meleo more friendly than a conventional (semi-)serif. Titles and texts of moderate length, like those found on websites, flyers and packaging, are the natural habitat of Meleo, but it may as well thrive under different settings. Meleo supports most of western-european latin languages which are included in the ISO-Adobe character set.

Mexico’s storied culture is one of the most recognizable today. Its amazing vibrant art and delicious foods have made the leap to influence many parts of the world in recent years. This proud, intense and diverse identity was the inspiration behind La Taqueria, a set of four fonts that express different characteristics of Mexican pop culture. The heavy and spicy, the light and gentle, the constant dynamism, all come together with one rhythm to produce an explosion of personality. Just like its predecessors Distillery and Scrapbooker, the La Taqueria set contains down-to-earth alphabets perfect for chalkboard art and handmade design. All the fonts include alternates and ligatures, providing plenty of variation for that spontaneous appearance everyone is looking for these days.

Inspired by classic typefaces, but with a recognizable twist of the casual and wacky pizzadude style.

LD Sidewalk Chalk is a fun, child-friendly font resembling the style of wacky sidewalk chalk.

Each style is a collection of 174 leaf, illustrative and printer cut designs from the 1950s.

Atten-shun! Use Government Issue JNL for all of your military-style type jobs! At ease!

Introducing, Determite Country - A Western Display Typeface. The reverse contrast make this font looks different and stand out from the crowd. Suitable for design needs with a touch of classic western, especially in logo, and the other various formal forms such as invitations, labels, logos, magazines, books, greeting / wedding cards, packaging, fashion, make up, stationery, novels, labels or any type of advertising purpose. Features : lowercase and uppercase regular and slanted numbers and punctuation multilingual PUA encoded We highly recommend using a program that supports OpenType features and Glyphs panels like many of Adobe apps and Corel Draw, so you can see and access all Glyph variations

The last couple of years felt like I was living in a bad dream: I witnessed crazy leaders, climate change and now Covid. I usually name my fonts after things that affect me and this one is not different. Dreamworld is a font I made with a cheap marker pen I liberated from my kids’ pencil box (I will put it back, pinky promise…). It is a bit rough, but also very easy to read and distinctive enough to make your work stand out. Of course it comes with extensive language support (let me mention Vietnamese again…) and two sets of alternate glyphs, that cycle as you type.

Ruha Harline is a modern and mechanical serif typeface and is the result of stencil's RUHA development. Being the first typeface of the family, it sets the basic concepts for further development, on each version to come. The design approach, results from a rigid geometrical connection with the Roman du Roi, since the letterforms are imposed by the constraints of the RUHA ruler. The main typographic proportions are connected with the modern typefaces, like Didot or Bodoni. Maintaining the same structure with different typographical and stylistic properties, the stencil allows to explore a modern typeface, with vertical stress, high contrast between the thick and thin strokes and hairline serifs.

One of my favorites. Rundgotisch is a easy to read for eyes that are accustomed to roman letterforms, yet keeps in touch with its blackletter roots. It was released around 1900 by Schelter & Giesecke of Leipzig, Germany. Can be used to set short text passages and pairs easily with many different decorative initials of the period. A very useful typeface. Don't leave home without it. According to Bringhurst, Schelter & Giesecke was formed in 1819 by Johann Gottfied Schelter and Christian Friedrich Giesecke. This old German printing house was sucked up by state-owned Typoart in 1946, after Marshall Zhukov and the Red Army had established Soviet dominion over East Germany.

Fresh Blushes, a stunning modern script font that embodies clean lines and timeless sophistication, combines contemporary aesthetics with simplicity, making it a versatile option for a wide array of design applications. Its sleek lines and uncluttered letterforms convey a sense of modernity, Crafted with precision and a minimalist touch, Fresh Blushes is your go-to choice for contemporary design projects. Whether you're creating logos, branding materials, wedding invitations, or editorial layouts, Fresh Blushes seamlessly adapts to different design contexts, adding a touch of elegance to your projects, With comprehensive multilingual support, Fresh Blushes ensures your message can be conveyed seamlessly across languages and borders.

This multipurpose script typeface includes many different alternatives for each lower case. Make this typeface cool in your Font Library. It is a lot of fun to use as each word can be changed to your liking. This typeface works really well for Logo and Apparel Designs. It's also great for making Prints or Merchandise, as you can use the illustration quality of shapes to create artwork. Mix and match with a bunch of alternative characters to fit your project. The alternative characters in this font were divided into several OpenType features such as Stylistic Alternates, Ligature and Ligature Alternates. Mail support : maculinc@gmail.com Thank you! Maculinc

Leapfrog is a friendly and restless cursive font with no baseline containing 3 glyph variations per character. Each variant of the glyph is slightly different and is replaced randomly as you type, giving the impression of a unique handwriting. The font is suitable for logos, large headlines, posters, signs, children's books and comics. Its character is cheerful, kind and playful due to the random set and rounded stroke endings. Leapfrog contains extended latin, cyrillic, ligatures, peace sign and frog, the total number of characters is 1902. It contains OpenType functions: liga, numr, dnom, calt, ss01, ss02. The font is also case sensitive, has fractions, currency signs, and arrows.

Flyoika is a slab serif family with a fairly low x-height, long ascenders, and considerable contrast. The family has five weights, each with an italics and it can be used for either display or text. Flyoika was not designed to meet a particular need but rather out of curiosity. Years ago I had designed two slab serif families, FlyHigh and Euroika, that I recently noticed had a lot of similarities and I wondered what a blend of the two would look like. Several corresponding characters in the two families are considerably different and in cleaning up the results, I usually opted for simplicity. The name "Flyoika" reflects these origins.