Batticuore means “palpitation” in Italian and is a powerful word. This font family is inspired by brush lettering, Batticuore provides two variants, Regular and caps. Both scripts are based on a brush strokes with a little contrast. A large set of ligature and alternates are included. More about Opentype Features: https://bit.ly/opentype-rsz

Experience refined design with La Qatrie, a display font that boasts an elegant look and a touch of luxury, setting a new standard for sophistication in typography. Perfect for those needing a touch of elegance, classy, stylish, beautiful bold type, and modernity for their design. Complete with ligatures alternates regular hollow icon kerning multilingual support

I have always liked handmade display fonts - maybe that’s why I have so many of them! Display Patrol is a rather fat, in your face font. It is completely handmade and comes in two distinct styles: regular and dots. Use it for your posters, books and product packaging. I am sure it will stand out!

Bervina is an elegant and delicate serif font. It looks beautiful on a variety of designs requiring a personalized style, such as wedding invitations, thank you cards, weddings, greeting cards, logos and so on. Bring your projects to the highest levels! Features: Multilingual Ligatures Alternates PUA encoded Files Included: Bervina Regular ttf Bervina Italic ttf

A fun and fresh font that encapsulates both summer and winter with its tall, hand rendered style. A versatile style,the family works well for all kinds or projects from window displays to music albums The Sun and Rain family consists of three weights, light, regular and bold. The weights cover diacritic, Greek and Cyrillic.

Etruscan was the language of the Etruscan civilization, in Italy, in the ancient region of Etruria (modern Tuscany, western Umbria, northern Latium, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Lombardy and Campania). Etruscan influenced Latin but was eventually completely superseded by it. The Etruscans left around 13,000 inscriptions that have been found so far, only a small minority of which are of significant length; some bilingual inscriptions with texts also in Latin, Greek, or Phoenician; and a few dozen loanwords. Attested from 700 BC to AD 50, the relation of Etruscan to other languages has been a source of long-running speculation and study, with its being referred to at times as an isolate, one of the Tyrsenian languages, and a number of other less well-known theories. The consensus among linguists and Etruscologists is that Etruscan was a Pre–Indo-European,and a Paleo-European language and is closely related to the Raetic language spoken in the Alps, and to the Lemnian language, attested in a few inscriptions on Lemnos. Grammatically, the language is agglutinating, with nouns and verbs showing suffixed inflectional endings and gradation of vowels. Nouns show five cases, singular and plural numbers, with a gender distinction between animate and inanimate in pronouns. Etruscan appears to have had a cross-linguistically common phonological system, with four phonemic vowels and an apparent contrast between aspirated and unaspirated stops. The records of the language suggest that phonetic change took place over time, with the loss and then re-establishment of word-internal vowels, possibly due to the effect of Etruscan's word-initial stress. Etruscan religion influenced that of the Romans, and many of the few surviving Etruscan language artifacts are of votive or religious significance.

The dearJoe series of fonts came to life around the year 1999, when I created dearJoe 1, which was a first (and half-assed) attempt to convert my own handwriting into a working font. Being able to type in my own hand had always been a childhood fantasy, and even though I only partly understood the software, a working font was generated and I decided to put it on the internet for people to use in their own personal projects. Which they did: at this moment the dearJoe 1 font has been downloaded millions of times and can be found on Vietnamese riksjas, Tasmanian gyms and chocolate stores on 5th Avenue for instance. The font is not something I am particularly proud of, but it started me of in building what's now the JOEBOB graphics foundry. Inbetween creating other fonts, the dearJoe series has become a theme I revisit every once in a while, trying to create an update on how my handwriting has evolved, along with my abilities in creating fonts that mimic actual handwriting. In the last decade or so I started implementing ligatures and alternate characters, which helped a lot in coming to a result that can almost pass for actual handwriting. The 2019 dearJoe 7 font is the latest addition to this font family. All characters were scanned from handwritten notes, cherrypicking the characters and letter-combinations I liked best. They were written with a Lamy M66 B pen and only minor adjustments were made to the original scans, leaving most little flaws and rough edges as they were for a convincing ball-point on paper result. The font comes with over 150 ligatures, making sure the font has a variated and credible overall look and feel.

It was expected that Joluvian’s third type font would be inspired by the city where he currently resides: Madrid, Spain. His previous creations had originated in Venezuela (Zulia) and The Philippines (Salamat), both, places where he had once lived. Joluvian believes “now is the time to pay tribute and show gratitude towards a city that has bestowed me with so many fortunes.” He considers that Madrid’s people, streets, scents, flavor and sounds are gift enough to awaken the creative urgency in any artist. This time around, it is being expressed through the crafts of the Typographic industry. Since his arrival in Spain, Joluvian has been attached to the city’s central area, specifically to the renowned Atocha Street and its railroad station. It was precisely on that street that Joluvian and Mauco Sosa, his friend and partner, decided to establish the Patera Studio: a charming creative space that birthed the concept for this new font which they proudly named Atocha Script. The artists where still in the final phases of their previous script, Salamat, when the idea for Atocha came about. This dynamic is actually very typical of the artistic process, in which every finished product spawns the need to create its next level offspring. “Working on Atocha and Atocha Caps has been a very pleasant journey. We have given our best efforts, for we wanted to offer a typeface that was both versatile and user-friendly on a number of applications, showing a wide scope of alternatives in our glyphs,” says the artist. The illustrations were created by Mauco, to ensure visual integration that would showcase the work of both members of the Patera Studio and their complementing aesthetic voices.  Atocha, as Salamat and Zulia before, was digitized by Alejandro Paul.

Introducing Violense - a stylish display font that draws inspiration from unique typography and lettering found in elegant alphabets from stylish displays, combined with an elegant typography style. This font features modern ligatures that allow you to create stunning lettering for your artwork. With its OpenType features, including alternates and end swashes, you have ample options to customize your lettering and create unique designs. Violense is perfect for various design purposes, including logotypes, headings, covers, posters, logos, quotes, product packaging, headers, merchandise, social media, greeting cards, and more. Its versatile design makes it suitable for a wide range of projects, and it also supports multi-language characters, making it accessible for designers around the world. To access the alternate glyphs, you'll need a program that supports OpenType features, such as Adobe Illustrator CS, Adobe Photoshop CC, Adobe InDesign, and Corel Draw. This allows you to take full advantage of the alternate characters and swashes to create custom compositions that suit your design needs. In your zip package, you'll receive the Violense font files in otf, ttf, and woff formats, providing flexibility for different design projects. The font includes uppercase and lowercase letters, numerals, punctuation, and symbols, ensuring that you have all the essential elements for your designs. Violense also supports multilanguage characters, making it suitable for designing in different languages. Whether you're creating designs in English, Spanish, French, or any other language, Violense has got you covered. In summary, Violense is a stylish display font that offers unique typography and modern ligatures for creating eye-catching designs. With its OpenType features and multilanguage support, Violense is a versatile font for various design purposes. Thank you for choosing Violense from our collection. Happy designing!

Jana Nikolic was finishing her degree program at the Faculty of Applied Arts, in Belgrade, with a final project that would combine her two majors: type and book design. Three stories from William Saroyan's My Name Is Aram would provide the text for the book, to be set in a typeface that Nikolic would design. Nikolic knew something special was happening the moment she put pen to paper. The letters just emerged," she recalls. "I started to explore a few new pens and found one I loved. I was able to make its tip bend with pressure." Like the family Saroyan writes about, the design flowing from Nikolic's pen would be simple but a little quirky. "When there were a whole bunch of little black letters around me," continues Nikolic, "I saw that this was going to be a very interesting typeface family." Nikolic drew Latin and Cyrillic letters, lowercase and capital letters, wide letters and narrow letters. She was surprised at how quickly and easily the design came. "There were no badly written letters," she says. "I hardly had to rework them and they fit together remarkably well." ITC Aram's standard character complement consists of one set of lowercase letters and two sets of capitals: one narrow and the other wide. The wide caps can be used with the standard lowercase, or mixed with the narrow caps for a variation on "cap and small cap" copy. The ITC Aram create the opportunity to mix and combine the letters into playful typographic expressions. Words and sentences that twinkle; text that seems light and alive - one runs the risk of creating work that is both delightful and charming when setting copy in ITC Aram."

To Rafaella, a menina dos cachos. We, designers, have grown accustomed to seeing that lowercase letters—not only in calligraphy but also in typography (1)—may be very playful and decorative. Almost every part of them can become a potential swash, ligature or decorative accolade (2) if the designer has some expertise regarding this matter. However, since we are living in an era that elevates the status of handcrafts, lettering has gained a lot of ground in different kinds of mediums, and with it there’s a sort of overuse of capitals. This may be due to the reason that lettering pieces need a high impact to convey their messages and many times why big capitals are the only solution. With this in mind, I started Rafaella: A font consisting entirely of capitals which go from unadorned to very decorative. Rafaella has ductus and forms vaguely based on the 1970s Bookman-like styled fonts. The presence and behaviour of serifs and ball terminals in this style were the perfect excuse to make really attractive aternates which the user can choose from the glyphs panel. The result is a font full of life. Able to be both very playful and formal due to its roman style which can be combined with (and between) a wide range of other styles of expressive scripts or geometric fonts with nice results (3). Also try Rafaella Shade Solo combined with Rafaella or Rafaella Bold for a layer effect to emphasize any given word or phrase. NOTES (1) See my fonts Erotica from 2013 or Dream from 2014. (2) Accolades is a wonderful word that refers to the ornaments made around the words in the spencerian style of calligraphy (3) Combinations often seen in different pieces of lettering were usually a contrast of style is wanted.

Here is my next Celtic Monograms font family. I used a lot of authentic knots and curves to imitate Insular art style. The term derives from insula, the Latin term for “island” in this period Britain and Ireland shared a largely common style different from that of the rest of Europe. I've drawn sketches set, manually vectorized it and assemble the font family. In an attempt to replicate the intricate patterns found in Celtic art, I endeavored to create a design that embodied the essence of true Celtic knot work. The interweaving lines, which were prominent motifs in Celtic art prior to the arrival of Christian influence around 450, served as the foundation for my creation. Over time, these designs seamlessly integrated into early Christian manuscripts and artwork, incorporating depictions of various elements from everyday life, including animals, plants, and even human figures. In the beginning, the patterns were intricate interwoven cords, called plaits. This particular style is often linked to the Celtic regions, but it was also widely embraced in England and spread throughout Europe through the efforts of Irish and Northumbrian monks. The utilization of the Celtic knot as a tattoo design gained popularity during the 1970s and 1980s in the United States. Consequently, it has proven to be a highly advantageous font choice for various applications such as posters, banners, and sportswear. You can also create a vintage color shift effect. Please note, you should use graphic applications such as Adobe Illustrator or Photoshop, but not Microsoft Word. All you need is put Two or Three lines style initial on the top of Back style. I’m happy to present you the Rough, Two lines, Three lines, and Back styles for your design. You’ll get uppercase and numbers set. Thank you!

The Comic-Script by ingoFonts In the past cartoons used to be lettered by hand. Hardly anyone does this today. The reason is, because hardly anyone has nice handwriting these days, so there are practical advantages in having a special font. However the font should still look like it’s been written by hand. Well, most script fonts don’t meet this requirement. The LeDrôle Lettering is a computer font, but closely resembles genuine handwriting. The model for the LeDrôle Lettering is my personal handwriting, as can be seen on the example of the Biró Script, which is also an ingoFont. The habit of capitalization comes from the Romanic and Anglo-Saxon countries. Depending on the purpose they are designed in three significantly bolder weights. In order for the typeface to actually look handwritten, it needs to have clearly visible irregularities. These are not found only in the shapes of the individual letters. Even though LeDrôle Lettering is all in capital letters, the characters of uppercase and lowercase letters are clearly different. Additionally, many alternative shapes are used, which are automatically applied when the OpenType “Ligatures” feature is activated. Thus, there are no identical double letters or numerals, and many character combinations are defined as ligatures with alternative forms.

Colonial Press is a font based on serif typefaces designed by William Caslon I (1692-1766) and various revivals thereof. Caslon is cited to be the first original typeface of English origin, but some type historians point out the close similarity of Caslon's design to the Dutch Fell types, presumed to be the work of Dutch punchcutter Dirck Voskens. Colonial Press harkens to the look and feel of newspapers in Colonial North America around the mid 1700s without the rough edges commonly associated with colonial printing and many reconstructions. The rough quality of the American typeface is believed to be the result of oxidation from the exposure to seawater during the long voyage from England to the Americas. Colonial Press is a heavy font that retains some of the handcut quality of these fonts while smoothing out the irregularities that make many of these fonts so visually distracting at larger point sizes. For the italic version of this font, I chose to emulate the more ornate letterforms that I have encountered, giving the italic characters a more ornamental feel. Colonial Press comes with full punctuation and a 362 glyph character set for most Western European-based Latin alphabet languages. It is a font that is designed both for normal typing and for larger, decorative display.

ALS Direct is an open and dynamic typeface with clear-cut letterforms that make it instantly readable. It lends text a neutral, yet agreeable and modern feel. Direct has nine font styles convenient for the purposes of navigation signage. Regular-style letterforms are rather wide, because direction signs are likely to appear before readers at an angle, so the type needs to withstand perspective distortions. And as signs and boards may vary in size, Direct was developed to include several width variations. Condensed fonts can be used where horizontal space is limited, allowing you to keep proper height and readability of the characters. A signage typeface must be easily readable from some distance away and have simple letterfoms with clear-cut features to quickly identify characters. Designing a type for a potentially wide range of purposes calls for a universal approach. If not destined to be used for navigation in a particular building, it shouldn’t incorporate any peculiar elements to agree with certain design or architecture. All of the above determined our choice of a sans serif with large apertures and definite features allowing readers to instantly recognize letters. Descenders are made compact not to interfere with the line below. And the low contrast between thick and thin strokes renders all elements equally perceptible. The x-height is significant, close to the cap height, which inhances readability of the lowercase type. There are two reasons why directions must not be set in all caps. Firstly, lowercase letters are more diverse and include ascenders and descenders identifying some of the letters in the line. And secondly, having learned to read, people recognize word shapes rather than individual letters, which makes lowercase text more readable. With Direct being a signage typeface, first to be developed were its width variations, and different weight styles and italics were added later. Another thing to be kept in mind was that signs often use dark background colors, and black type on a white background appears smaller than white type on a black background. Direct is the first Cyrillic typeface created for navigation purposes. Before that, designers could use the Cyrillic version of Frutiger (Freeset) developed by Adrian Frutiger for the Paris Charles de Gaulle International Airport, and a number of other, mostly body copy, neutral sans serif types. However, signs and boards were dominated by Arial, which Direct would be glad to replace offering elegance and lucidity of form instead of type bluntess. Direct was designed as a signage typeface, but its neutral style and clear-cut letterforms suggest various other ways of application.

❧ Useful links: Luther’s Manuscripts at the UNESCO Memory of the World at Google Arts and Culture Martin Luther font on Kickstarter (with Film about the creation) Each letter of the Martin Luther font is strictly based on original samples found in Martin Luther’s 500 year old handwritten manuscripts. Letters that occur more often for example vowels have two or more different versions stored in the font. (➶ Figure 4) These alternative forms are exchanged automatically by the font as you type, and create a vivid look that comes close to actual handwriting. The font avoids that two identical letters are placed next to each other like, for example the two “o” in the word “look”. ➸ What Historic Sources is the Font based on? Two historic documents were used to base the font on. The notes Luther took before giving his speech in Worms in 1521 and a 6 page letter he wrote immediately after to Emperor Charles V., summarising his speech (➶ Figure 2). Both documents have been added to the UNESCO “Memory of the World” and can be seen at the Google Arts and Culture website. ➸ The Creation of a Handwriting Font The creation of a handwriting font is very different from the creation of a regular font. Harald Geisler has specialised in recreating handwriting in preceding projects with Albert Einstein’s, Sigmund Freud’s and his own handwriting. His experience working with Archives and Museums has gone into this project. First Geisler analyses the movement in the writing to understand how each letter is drawn. This involves partially learning how to write like a person. In this process not the outlines of the sample are reproduced but the original movement path of the handwriting (➶ Figure 3). In a second step width and contrast is added to reproduce Martin Luther’s characteristic impetus and the writing tools used at the time. (Link: Youtube Playlist showcasing the creation of individual letters) How about signs that can’t be found in archives? Some Glyphs can not be found in 500 year old manuscripts, for example the @-sign. Towards the end of the creation one collects a profund amount of details about how a writer moves on paper and addresses certain tasks moving the pen. Keeping this knowledge in mind an improvisation can be based on similar letter forms. For example the @ sign is based on of the movement of a lowercase a and parenthesis. ➸ Features of the Martin Luther font ❶ Extensive Documentation of the creation of the font, including high quality reproduction of the used manuscripts. ❷ Additional texts from Historian Dr. Henning Jürgens and Palaeographer (and Luther handwriting expert) Prof. Ulrich Bubenheimer ❸ Alternating Letters - in handwriting every word looks a bit different. To avoid that two identical letterforms are placed next to each other (for example in the word look) the font actively changes between different versions of letters as you type. ❹ Ligatures - characteristic writing forms when two letters are combined (for example “ct”) (➶ Figure 5) ❺ Terminal Letterforms - renders a special letterform when letter is at the end of a word. (➶ Figure 8) ❻ ‘’’Initial and Medial Letterforms''' - some letterforms are different when placed in the beginning or middle of a word, for example the lowercase s. ❼ Luther Rose - is a seal Luther used to authorise his correspondence. Today it is a widely recognized symbol for Luther. When you enter the numbers of Luthers year of birth and death 14831546 using the Martin Luther PRO font, it will render a stylised version of the Luther Rose. (➶ Figure 7) ❽ Historic letter-forms - letter-forms that are specific to medieval writing around 1500. For example the long-s or h with a loop at the bottom. (➶ Figure 6) ⚑ Multi language support - see the technical information tab for a full list of supported languages. (➶ Figure 11) ➸ The different Styles explained ❋ Martin Luther PRO - this includes all features listed above and is geared towards writing texts that are more readable today. It features alternating letters to create a natural handwriting look as well as two stylistic sets accessible through the OpenType menu. Historic forms are available through the glyph picker. ❋ Martin Luther Historic - this font creates a historically correct reproduction (i.e. with long-s) of Luther’s medieval latin handwriting. It features alternating letters to create a natural handwriting look as well as two stylistic sets accessible through the OpenType menu. ❋ Martin Luther Expert-1 - Dedicated access to the first set of letters only. ❋ Martin Luther Expert-2 - Dedicated access to the second set of letters only. ❈❈❈ Family Pack - recieve all fonts at a discounted price. ❈❈❈ ➸ Kickstarter The creation and development of the Martin Luther font was financed by 500 supporters on ➸Kickstarter.

Loose and irregular, Slowhand is an easy display face to implement.

Introducing Future Flow typeface - 8 fonts Looking for a font that combines classic elegance, romance, and a futuristic vibe? Look no further than Future Flow! This unique typeface offers eight distinct font styles, each with its own personality and flair. Plus, it's designed to support a whopping 87 different languages, making it a versatile choice for designers and creatives around the world. So whether you're creating a logo, designing a website, or crafting a marketing campaign, Future Flow has got you covered. Try it out today and see where its flowing curves and sleek lines can take you! Language Support : Afrikaans, Albanian, Asu, Basque, Bemba, Bena, Breton, Chiga, Colognian, Cornish, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Embu, English, Estonian, Faroese, Filipino, Finnish, French, Friulian, Galician, Ganda, German, Gusi,i Hungarian, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jola-Fonyi, Kabuverdianu, Kalenjin, Kamba, Kikuyu, Kinyarwanda, Latvian, Lithuanian, Lower Sorbian, Luo, Luxembourgish, Luyia, Machame, Makhuwa-Meetto, Makonde, Malagasy, Maltese, Manx, Meru, Morisyen, North Ndebele, Norwegian, Bokmål, Norwegian, Nynorsk, Nyankole, Oromo, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Romanian, Romansh, Rombo, Rundi, Rwa, Samburu, Sango, Sangu, Scottish, Gaelic, Sena, Shambala, Shona, Slovak, Soga, Somali, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Swiss, German, Taita, Teso, Turkish, Upper, Sorbian, Uzbek (Latin), Volapük, Vunjo, Walser, Welsh, Western Frisian, Zulu FEATURES Uppercase, lowercase, numeral, punctuation & Symbol Regular and italic Cut, display, futuristic, line, stencil, two line styles 8 fonts No special software is required to type out the standard characters of the Typeface. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions! Mock ups and backgrounds used are not included. Thank you! Enjoy!

My brother is an architect, and I have always loved his lettering, you know, the style of writing that can be found on architectural drawings. There is a common thread to it, yet each architect or engineer brings their own personality to it. I have seen a similar style being used by some hand-letterers for invitations, place cards and signage. Inspired, I set out to create my own, and the result is my new typeface, Robard! I wanted something compact, somewhat modular, done quickly but with control, and sourced from hand-lettering. Starting out with a handful of pigment ink pens, I settled on a 0.1mm Copic Multi-Liner, and using a light table with a grid underneath the paper, I cranked out grouping after grouping, letter after letter, numbers, punctuation, accents, just trying to zero in on the feeling and the look I was after. There were some ideas that didn't work, like unicase (there would be no regular lowercase), or swash alternates. Ultimately, I ended up with a decent array of glyphs to choose from, and alternates like oldstyle numbers, and an alternate set of caps for the lowercase slots, and even alternative figures so doubles like 88 would be different. In the font, the OpenType ligature code automatically alternates the cap and lowercase (alternate cap) letters, and numbers as you type, lending Robard that hand-lettered look in a digital typeface that I was hoping for. There are also oldstyle figures, and unlimited fractions, ordinals, and a few alternate letters. I hope you like Robard!

Rather than confining itself to a single style, Ricardo combines the best of two worlds: the conceptual clarity of a geometric design with the legibility and warmth of a humanist design. Its open counters, crisp joints, and even texture allow for effective use in long-form text settings, while its simple geometric shapes combined with some unexpected details make it highly suitable for display settings such as branding and marketing. Ricardo contains seven carefully chosen weights, ranging from ExtraLight to ExtraBold. The Medium weight functions as a slightly darker alternative to the Regular. Ricardo’s 812 glyphs per style support over a hundred languages, and also include arrows and case-sensitive punctuation. The Ricardo family consists of three subfamilies: Ricardo, Ricardo ALT, and Ricardo ITA. Ricardo contains the most conventional forms, and is the most suitable option for long-form text. Ricardo ALT contains simplified shapes for the a, j, u, and t, which are also accessible through Stylistic Set 2 within Ricardo (in opentype-savvy applications). The cursive-like italics of Ricardo ITA provide a slightly more eccentric alternative to the standard italics. Furthermore, all styles contain stylistic alternates that swap the blunt apexes in A, M, N, V, W, v, w, y, and 1 for pointier ones. These are also accessible through Stylistic Set 1. Other opentype goodness includes: (discretionary) ligatures, smallcaps, case-sensitive forms, fractions, nine sets of numerals, and more. David Ricardo (1772-1823) is considered the first of the classical economists, and combined ground-breaking mathematical abstractions with an understandable down-to-earth way of explaining his ideas.

LaFarge is a typeface primarily inspired by the historic mosaic titling capitals found in the New York City Subway, designed by architect Squire J. Vickers and his staff between 1915-1927. These elegant but industrial signs are characteristic of early-20th century American architectural lettering, and show an evolution of the classical Roman capitals to lower contrast, bolder serifs, and more regular character widths. The majority of this lettering still remains in subway stations today, and though elements of the style vary from sign to sign, many carry the unique features that are reflected in LaFarge: high-waisted crossbars with angled serifs, elegantly curved “R” leg, and distinctive trapezoidal serifs. LaFarge expands this style into a lower case, taking cues from contemporary typefaces like Bookman, Cheltenham, and Della Robbia. A number of typographic features are included, such as small caps, ordinal indicators / superscript letters, arrows, and a set of borders inspired by early subway tile. The result is a fashionable, architecturally-minded typeface that is just as at home on the façade of a grand public building as it is on packaging, magazines, or the web. LaFarge works well in both text and display settings, remaining readable at small sizes but showing off its elegant details in larger uses. LaFarge has received the Communication Arts Typography Award, the ADC Annual Merit Award, is included in the 2020 STA 100, and was part of designer Greg Shutters’ winning portfolio in the 2019 Type Directors Club Ascender Awards. You can download a PDF specimen of LaFarge, and also view a video of LaFarge in action.

TurvyTopsy offers all the fun of delightful hand-drawn irregularity, captured in a typeface. Designing this was a wonderful exercise in ignoring all the rules of precise geometric construction to which we normally work. These irregular forms somehow achieve a delightful character & legibility all of their own.