The font family Univers? is one of the greatest typographic achievements of the second half of the 20th century. The family has the advantage of having a variety of weights and styles, which, even when combined, give an impression of steadiness and homogeneity. The clear, objective forms of Univers make this a legible font suitable for almost any typographic need. In 1954 the French type foundry Deberny & Peignot wanted to add a linear sans serif type in several weights to the range of the Lumitype fonts. Adrian Frutiger, the foundry's art director, suggested refraining from adapting an existing alphabet. He wanted to instead make a new font that would, above all, be suitable for the typesetting of longer texts - quite an exciting challenge for a sans-serif font at that time. Starting with his old sketches from his student days at the School for the Applied Arts in Zurich, he created the Univers type family. In 1957, the family was released by Deberny & Piegnot, and afterwards, it was produced by Linotype. The Deberny & Peignot type library was acquired in 1972 by Haas, and the Haas'sche Schriftgiesserei (Haas Type Foundry) was folded into the D. Stempel AG/Linotype collection in 1985/1989. Adrian Frutiger continues to do design work with Linotype right up to the present day. In 1997, Frutiger and the design staff at Linotype completed a large joint project of completely re-designing and updating the Univers family. The result: Univers Next - available with 59 weights and 4 Linotype Univers Typewriter weights. With its sturdy, clean forms Univers can facilitate an expression of cool elegance and rational competence. Univers has the uncanny ability to combine well with fonts of many different styles and origins: Old style fonts such as: Janson Text, Meridien, Sabon, Wilke. Modern-stressed fonts such as: Linotype Centennial, Walbaum. Slab serif fonts such as Egyptienne F, Serifa. Script and brush fonts such as: Brush Script, Mistral, Ruling Script. Blackletter fonts such as: Duc De Berry, Grace, San Marco. Even fun fonts such as F2F OCRAlexczyk, Linotype Red Babe, Linotype Seven."

Introducing Corzinair—the typeface that exudes confidence and practicality. Its rugged serifs add a touch of grit and determination to any message. Perfect for businesses looking to make a bold statement, Corzinair was inspired by the iconic IBM Selectric typewriter fonts of the 1960s. Its wide, squarish shapes are reminiscent of a time when simplicity and functionality were the driving forces of innovation. Available in three weights—regular, bold, and italic—Corzinair is versatile enough to suit any design need. And with separate Small-Caps styles, it’s even easier to deploy on the web and in applications. Make your mark with Corzinair—the typeface that means business. Most Latin-based European writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kurdish (Latin), Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Uzbek (Latin), Venetian, Vepsian, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec Zulu and Zuni.

Sedona is a quirky, all capitals, display font that evokes the American West, Native Americana, vacations, travel, campgrounds, rustic lodges, needle point, Christmas, holidays, Arts and Crafts movement, quilts, tiles, and alpine resorts. It is based on an isometric grid and individual shapes that conform to the grid's structure. Each letter or glyph is made up of numerous triangular shapes. The letters have gaps of space that create a dynamic texture. Our mind connects the triangles to complete the letter and recognize the familiar letterform. Sedona will create a unique identity for book cover titles, editorial headings, packaging, logotypes and signs. Create multicolored letters by selecting individual shapes within each letter and apply various colors. Simply convert type in Adobe Illustrator or InDesign with these two steps: 1. "Creating Outlines", 2. "Release Compound Path". You may also want to "Ungroup" the letters. Great care was taken to align the shapes perfectly. There are no overlapping or misaligned shapes. Sedona includes punctuation, numerals, and basic math glyphs.You will find some additional and alternate glyphs in the "Glyph Palette". Sedona does not include a lowercase or diacritics for foreign languages. You may type in lowercase but the letters will appear as uppercase.

Roadstar is a script designed in the style of the classic American advertising font from the 1940's-1950's. Roadstar is a retro brush-style script designed for logotype, packaging, posters, T-shirts, signage & design projects with a retro & vintage feel. Roadstar comes with two styles that both contain all upper and lower case characters, punctuation, numerals and mathematical operators, as well as all accented characters.

Caslon Antique was designed by Berne Nadall and brought out by the American type foundry Barnhart Bros & Spindler in 1896 to 1898. It doesn’t bear any resemblance to Caslon, but has the quaint crudeness of what people imagine type looked like in the eighteenth century. Use Caslon Antique for that “old-timey” effect in graphic designs. It looks best in large sizes for titles or initials.

The pattern for this face was designed by Will Bradley in 1894 for the cover of Inland Printer magazine, and was licensed the following year to American Type Founders. Its classic lines and condensed footprint make this typeface a natural for elegant and inviting headlines. All versions of this font include the Unicode 1250 Central European character set in addition to the standard Unicode 1252 Latin set.

He's a man of character; a Man for All Seasons. He upholds the values of Truth, Justice and the American Way and he's never averse to a slice of Ma's homemade apple pie. He's not a man of yesteryear, nor a man caught in the here and now. He's a human being of great honor, a citizen of the world -- a Man of Tomorrow!

An exuberant typeface named "African Queen", designed by Dave West for Photolettering in the 1960s, provided the inspiration for this exercise in typographic minimalism. The result is stark and somewhat raw, with a unique muscular energy...a natural choice for headlines that will attract attention. Both versions of the font include 1252 Latin and 1250 CE (with localization for Romanian and Moldovan) character sets.

Hello! Do you need a poster for the ASL study? Maybe you want to understand sign language or share your message. Please try it. Here is a set of hand-drawn illustrations of American Sign Language (ASL). The font is in 4 styles: * with sleeves * with sleeves & Latin symbol * clear hand * clear hand & Latin symbol If you have any questions or issues, please contact me: kaer.pro@gmail.com

Fighting American and all around Superman Ed McGuinness joins our Masters of Comic Book Art with a font inspired by his gamma ray saturated handwriting! Ed is officially a friend of Comicraft and a big smile in Hulk form! Now a small slice of this Jolly Green Giant is available as an alphabet waiting for puny humans to arrange in words of no more than two syllables.

Ad Lib designed by Freeman Craw for the American Type Founders (ATF) in 1961. A bold Grotesque with irregular rectangular counters in round characters. This type was designed by cutting the letter images out and thus has some wood-cut character. Some lower case characters have slight inclination. Initially numerous alternative characters were provided. Unusual shapes make this typeface useful for advertising and display work.

This typeface is inspired from the old display fonts that used to decorate the world around us, but just because we don't see such beautiful signage these days, doesn't mean we should lose the great typefaces used. Foreman is a condensed serif display typeface, with hard geometric lines inspired from fonts used in the 1930s and 1940s, and very much used by the American Art Deco movement.

Neue Rinjani is a all-caps sans serif with Wide Stretch contemporary typographic, vintage futuristic art-deco touch Streamline influence of the 1930s and 1940s. A mix from the old Euro-American signage/advertising letters and modern clean sans serif, carefully mousecrafted to bring you the genuine feel of the era. If you're into classic/vintage letter designs, then this typeface suits best for you.

This is an American face designed by Lucian Bernhard for ATF in 1929. An extra light face with tall ascenders and stylized bars that extend off to the left. The lower-case sits on the baseline and the much-taller-than-normal capitals have an imaginary baseline that sits about two-thirds of the distance from the real baseline to the bottom of the EM.

Karaoke JNL is one of the many alphabets created by the late Alf R. Becker that was showcased in Signs of the Times magazine from the 1930s through the 1950s. Thanks to Tod Swormstedt of ST Media (and who is the curator of the American Sign Museum in Cincinnati, Ohio) for providing Jeff Levine the research material from which this font design was modeled.

Pittsburgh is the latest (as at August 2011) in a range of inter-war American inspired commercial faces, and takes its place alongside the popular Bettendorff and the Spargo family. These shaded stab-serif capitals speak of the heyday of heavy manufacture and engineering and bring a gritty feel of the 20s and 30s to any project. Why not indulge in a little heavy engineering today?

Yukas is a funky and sexy typeface where the proportions are based on the optical balance between black strokes and white shapes. Ideal to enjoy on a large scale. It takes its references from the psychedelic movement, old-school western movie posters, and mid-19th century American wood type with those big, heavy capital letters. Includes several Open Type alternatives to customize your design however you want.

Generous curves above and below the straight-sided Railroad Gothic parallel those of Figgins’s elephantine Grotesques, lending to both British and American series their monumental qualities. Shrinking the center strokes and counters to emphasize a massive periphery, David Berlow has used this curious similarity to suspend a complete family of sanserifs between the two forms, a manly series of great dignity and presence; FB 1997

Working at American Type Founders from a Bruce Foundry recutting, Morris Fuller Benton worked out the dramatics of the English Fat Face, and in 1928 produced Ultra Bodoni, a headline spectacular. Using Benton’s 1933 Ultra Bodoni Extra Condensed, Richard Lipton digitized Bodoni FB Bold Condensed, then took compression even further and designed Bodoni FB Bold Compressed, a real technical tour de force; FB 1992

General Chang JNL is one of a number of fonts redrawn by Jeff Levine from the creative output of the late Alf R. Becker. Becker's alphabets were a monthly feature of Signs of the Times Magazine from the 1930s through the 1950s. Thanks to Tod Swormstedt of ST Media (who also is the curator of the American Sign Museum in Cincinnati, Ohio) for the resource material.

ITC Kristen is the work of American designer George Ryan. He describes it as not your average text or display font." The inspiration for the design came from the handwritten menu at a neighborhood restaurant. With time, the forms moved away from the originals and towards something more like a child's scrawl. The result is singularly unique. ITC Kristen remains legible without losing any charm.

Introducing Laguna Font Collection. Inspired from American motor inn signs and vintage restaurant signs in 50s-70s. Laguna comes with open type features such stylistic alternates, stylistic sets, contextual alternates & ligatures. Also available in variable font format. Laguna Font Collection is best uses for headings, Logo type, quotes, apparel design, invitations, flyer, poster, greeting cards, product packaging, book cover, printed quotes, cover album, movie, etc

The pattern for this graceful, subtly modulated Art Deco typeface was designed by Willard T. Sniffin for American Type Founders in the 1930s. True to the original design, the Swash Caps version features Sniffin's twelve decorative variants. The Postscript and Truetype versions contain a complete Latin language character set (Unicode 1252); in addition, the Opentype version supports Unicode 1250 (Central European) languages as well.

Adrian Frutiger’s distinguished and successful 1966 design for the European Computer Manufacturers’ Association improving readability of letters for both machines and humans. OCR-B is replacing OCR-A.

The Englishman William Caslon (1672–1766) first cut his typeface Caslon in 1725. His major influences were the Dutch designers Christoffel van Dijcks and Dirck Voskens. The Caslon font was long known as the script of kings, although on the other side of the political spectrum, the Americans used it as well for their Declaration of Independence. The characteristics of the earlier Renaissance typefaces are only barely detectable. The serifs are finer and the axis of the curvature is almost or completely vertical. The overall impression which Caslon makes is serious, elegant and linear. Next to Baskerville, Caslon is known as the embodiment of the English Baroque-Antiqua and has gone through numerous new interpretations, meaning that every Caslon is slightly different. American Type Founders presented a Caslon in 1905 which is true to the forms of the original. This font is relatively wide and comes complete with small caps and old style figures.

The retail storage box for a vintage metal numbering stamp manufactured by the American Numbering Machine Company had its brand name hand lettered in an Art Nouveau style that most likely went back to the 1920s, as the company was in existence from 1908 to around 1971. Numbering machines were used in offices, schools, libraries, and anywhere a series of numbers needed to be marked onto printed items. Similar to what was called a ‘crash numberer’ used in letterpress shops, the machines could be set to do a run of digits [for example: 4000, 4001, 4002] or repeat numbers for forms used as carbon copies. As computers took over most forms of printing, the use of numbering machines dwindled, but they are still available. The American Numbering Machine Company was one of several Brooklyn, New York companies that specialized in the manufacture of these machines. Retail Packaging JNL replicates the lettering from their packaging, and is available in both regular and oblique versions.

Afrik is a hand painted font which letterforms were inspired by Proto-Saharan Ancient African writing system and scripts for African languages such as Mande and Vai. Drawing technique I took from Ethiopian Tribe Karo body painting. I drew each letter with my finger using self-made paint from crushed charcoal. Afrik is uppercase font and instead of tall capital letters uses wide. They can be used instead of double letters or just to diversify a typing. Also, I included up to 4 alternate "decorations" for most of the letters which will help you to create unique artwork (use "Contextual Alternates" feature to randomize look automatically). Afrik perfectly fits for posters, clothes design, and any design​ with a ​wild ethnic mood. Afrik Features: Handmade pant texture Up to 4 Alternative styles for each letter Carefully tuned kerning If you have some issues or questions, please let me know: lhfonts@gmail.com Hope you'll enjoy using Afrik!

Brophy Script is a bold connecting brush alphabet. This brush script typeface was designed in 1953 by the American type designer Harold Broderson. Broderson worked for ATF (the American Type Founders), who were the original publishers of this design. Brophy Script is a version with more handwritten letters than to its other version called Body. This a brush script face that mimics the show card style of lettering, which was very popular throughout the United States during the first half of the 20th Century. The letters appear as if they were drawn quickly and spontaneously with a wide, flat lettering brush. The lowercase letters connect to each other, cursive script style. Brophy Script is the perfect display face to provoke a nostalgic feeling for the 1950s. Anything having to do with apple pie, home cooking, or last minute sales would look great in this face. You could outfit a whole supermarket signage system in a snap with Brophy Script.

The inspiration source for Monarchy Initials is the 1934 Book of American Types by American Type Founders. In that specimen book, they had created a sophisticated two color initial design they called "Stationers Initials" which was only available in metal type at 24, 36, and 48 points. This wonderfully detailed initial style is now digitally recreated and revived for modern use. Monarchy Initials is only capable of initial or single letter monograms due to its unique design. The two color aspect of the original design has been preserved and made accessible within all programs. The Capital character slots contain the background color glyphs, and the lowercase slots hold the outline art for the letters. You can choose a color, type a capital letter, then switch to black and type a lowercase letter for the two color effect, or just tpe a lowercase letter on its own. It's that easy! Download and view the Monarchy Initials Guidebook if you would like to learn a little more.

A unicase typeface inspired by Latin American wrestling. Versus is a type system designed for use with short and block text. The font, based on well-known typefaces found on boxing posters, combines Latin American elements and wrestling; it is this mixture of widths and weights and different styles which helps give your designs a unique flavour and personality. Versus is a unicase sans serif font well-suited for display use; its orthogonal terminals and short ascenders and descenders make it ideal for block of texts. By mixing different weights, you can have a wide range of design options—short text, isolated words, logos, titles, branding design, posters, etc. The Versus family comes in 9 weights—from a lightweight and condensed Extra Light to an expanded and heavy Ultra. Its character set supports over 200 different languages. The font also includes a large number of stylistic alternates and a complete ligature set which give your compositions a strong identity and personality.

The 1765 Stamp Act ignited in American colonists a simmering distrust of the distant British Parliament, whose oppressive trade duties they deemed unfair assaults on their rights as English subjects. Before long, of course, this little dustup spawned The Boston Tea Party, the American Revolution, and the birth of the U. S. of A. But before the Battles of Lexington and Concord, a group of Philadelphia merchants made one last-ditch call for commercial cooperation across the Atlantic. This futile appeal survives to this day on a three-page broadside, finely engrossed by a penman of the period and passed down through the generations of a family named Remsen. Remsen Script is an interpretation of that penman’s neat, formal cursive—from its broad antique flourishes to its subtle unevenness and gently ragged strokes. Perfect for event announcements, fine product packaging, recreations of historical documents, or anywhere you wish to offer a whiff of a bygone era.

The inspiration source for Memoriam Initials is the 1934 Book of American Types by American Type Founders. In that specimen book, they had created a sophisticated two color initial design they called “University Initials” which was only available in metal type at 24, 36, and 48 points. This wonderfully detailed initial style is now digitally recreated and revived for modern use. Memoriam Initials is only capable of initial or single letter monograms due to its unique design. The two color aspect of the original design has been preserved and made accessible within all programs. The Capital character slots contain the background color glyphs, and the lowercase slots hold the outline art for the letters. You can choose a color, type a capital letter, then switch to black and type a lowercase letter for the two color effect, or just type a lowercase letter on its own. It’s that easy! Download and view the Memoriam Initials Guidebook if you would like to learn a little more.

Espinosa Nova is a revival based on the types used by Antonio de Espinosa, the most important Mexican printer of the sixteenth century and very probably the first punchcutter anywhere in the American continent (1551). In 2010, its main fonts were awarded two certificates of excellence: one by TDC2 (Type Directors Club Typeface Design Competition), one by Tipos Latinos (Biennial of Latin American Typography). According to Robert Bringhurst, it is “an unusually intelligent family of type, reaching back to one of the most exciting moments in typographic history and reaching forward to the typographic future”. All of the fonts intended for setting text include small caps, five sets of figures (oldstyle and lining, both proportional and tabular, plus tabular small caps), many f and long s ligatures, and capital sharp S (U+1E9E). In addition, the Capitular fonts allow to create interesting effects by overlapping layers. This family feels very comfortable in books, but it can be used everywhere a touch of classic & elegance is required.

Gloriz Vintage is the bold and distinctive retro serif font that adds a touch of rustic charm to any project. Designed by Mans Greback in 2023, this font features rounded edges and a heavy, printed appearance that will give your work a vintage look. Perfect for headlines and logotypes, Gloriz Vintage is the perfect choice for designers looking to add a touch of personality to their work. Don’t miss out on this one-of-a-kind family! The Gloriz Vintage family consists of six high-quality fonts: The three weights Regular, Light and Bold, are each provided as both Upright and Italic styles. The font is built with advanced OpenType functionality and has a guaranteed top-notch quality, containing stylistic and contextual alternates, ligatures and more features; all to give you full control and customizability. It has extensive language support, covering all Latin-based languages, from Northern Europe to South Africa, from America to South-East Asia. It contains all characters and symbols you’ll ever need, including all punctuation and numbers.

Sinoreta is a classic serif font with a bold retro style that adds sophistication and elegance to any design. The decorative alternates add a touch of uniqueness, making Sinoreta perfect for projects that require a bold and proper typographic presence. Whether it's branding, logos, headlines, or editorial designs, Sinoreta will bring a timeless and tasteful touch to your work. This font is designed by Mans Greback in 2023 and combines traditional serif style with modern design elements. Choose Sinoreta for a retro, elegant and versatile font that will make your designs stand out. The Sinoreta family consists of four high-quality fonts: Regular, Italic, Bold and Bold Italic The font is built with advanced OpenType functionality and has a guaranteed top-notch quality, containing stylistic and contextual alternates, ligatures and more features; all to give you full control and customizability. It has extensive lingual support, covering all Latin-based languages, from Northern Europe to South Africa, from America to South-East Asia. It contains all characters and symbols you'll ever need, including all punctuation and numbers.

Novety Script is a quirky script typeface, drawn and created by Mans Greback. It has a great contrast, with bold calligraphic curves and hair thin conjunctions, giving the lettering a juicy, swirly appearance. Use underscore _ anywhere in a word to make a swash. Example: Nov_ety Use multiple underscore to make different swashes. Example: Cute___ness (Download required.) Optimized for logotype and header usage, Novety Script works great for product branding or as a signature, or for a beautiful wallpaper quote graphic. It has a modern style and a strong personality to make it stand out. Novety Script is provided in four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and Bold Italic. The font is built with advanced OpenType functionality and has a guaranteed top-notch quality, containing stylistic and contextual alternates, ligatures and more features; all to give you full control and customizability. It has extensive lingual support, covering all Latin-based languages, from North Europe to South Africa, from America to South-East Asia. It contains all characters and symbols you'll ever need, including all punctuation and numbers.

Gin And Tonic is a classical serif typeface family. In a cocktail of soft arches and sharp corners, this traditional type has a multifaceted flavor, just like a well-balanced drink. Inspired by turn-of-the-century quality produce, Gin And Tonic is a genuine victorian typeface, that brings class and authenticity to any graphic project. The type of lettering that could be seen in an old-west saloon. This serif font is provided in eight styles: Thin, Regular, Bold and Thin Italic, Regular Italic, Bold Italic. As well as the Outlined style and its complementary Outline Italic. Write in CAPS for decorative conjunction words. Example: Gin AND Juice, Bird OF Prey (Download required.) The font is built with advanced OpenType functionality and has a guaranteed top-notch quality, containing stylistic and contextual alternates, ligatures and more features; all to give you full control and customizability. It has extensive lingual support, covering all Latin-based languages, from North Europe to South Africa, from America to South-East Asia. It contains all characters and symbols you'll ever need, including all punctuation and numbers.

Moneymachine is a sans and serif combined display typeface. Inspired by the art of money printing, the typography used for certificate production and classic letterforms, Moneymachine uses a traditional and perfected serif font and blends it together with a modern and clean sans-serif. The result is an original and confident work, which fits perfectly as a logotype or headline in any context that requires that extra touch of coolness. The Moneymachine family consists of six fonts: The Regular that combines sans and serif. Inverted for a white-on-black version. The Serif and Sans for more basic writing. White and Black for a lettering with a banner. The font is built with advanced OpenType functionality and has a guaranteed top-notch quality, containing stylistic and contextual alternates, ligatures and more features; all to give you full control and customizability. It has extensive lingual support, covering all Latin-based languages, from North Europe to South Africa, from America to South-East Asia. It contains all characters and symbols you'll ever need, including all punctuation and numbers.

White Dream is a clean, swashy and beautiful script typeface. It brings your thoughts to the magic setting in a wonderful story or a fantasy movie. This decorative logotype font is the ultimate Disney princess typeface; a font that reminds you of everything from Cinderella and Snow White to Anna & Elsa of Frozen. With the highest quality and perfection, this is a four-style calligraphic family consisting of Regular, Thin and Swash versions. These style, and the wide selection of alternates, together guarantees that you can always use it to design a logo or headline that will satisfy its purpose. White Dream is built with advanced OpenType functionality and has a guaranteed top-notch quality, containing stylistic and contextual alternates, ligatures and more features; all to give you full control and customizability. It has extensive lingual support, covering all Latin-based languages, from North Europe to South Africa, from America to South-East Asia. It contains all characters and symbols you'll ever need, including all punctuation and numbers.

Shackie Handpainted is a striking custom lettering font, embodying the charm and flair of a script brush. This logotype font is perfect for projects requiring a cool and edgy touch, such as T-shirt designs and sign painting. With its unique hand-painted style, Shackie Handpainted brings a distinctive appeal to your creative work. The font's dynamic brushstrokes lend it the authentic feel of a sign painter's masterpiece, making it an excellent choice for projects that call for custom lettering and a personal touch. The Shackie Handpainted font family includes six expressive styles to suit various design needs: The weights Thin, Regular and Bold, with each thickness as Italic. The font is built with advanced OpenType functionality and has a guaranteed top-notch quality, containing stylistic and contextual alternates, ligatures and more features; all to give you full control and customizability. It has extensive lingual support, covering all Latin-based languages, from Northern Europe to South Africa, from America to South-East Asia. It contains all characters and symbols you'll ever need, including all punctuation and numbers.