Platinus Script Pro is the latest example of what has now become a Sudtipos tradition: Adapting conventional calligraphic methods from the last two centuries to produce modern digital scripts for the current one. This time the resulting font explores the evolution of invitation scripts from the classic commercial lettering of the 1930s to the ideas clearly visible in the greeting cards of the 1980s and 1990s. Most base characters are made up of a single stroke, with some of the strokes driven from the top down, and some from the bottom up, putting the emphasis on the casual but precise fluidity of the hand, an emphasis magnified by the expert use of loops and swashes everywhere. The Platinus Script Pro family comes in two weights, each loaded with alternates and Latin-based langauge support, for more than 570 characters per font. Platinus Script Pro is great for product packaging, as well book covers, menus and greeting cards.

Helvetica is one of the most famous and popular typefaces in the world. It lends an air of lucid efficiency to any typographic message with its clean, no-nonsense shapes. The original typeface was called Neue Haas Grotesk, and was designed in 1957 by Max Miedinger for the Haas’sche Schriftgiesserei (Haas Type Foundry) in Switzerland. In 1960 the name was changed to Helvetica (an adaptation of Helvetia, the Latin name for Switzerland). Over the years, the original Helvetica™ family was expanded to include many different weights, but these were not as well coordinated with each other as they might have been. At the beginning of the 21st Century, Linotype released an updated design of Helvetica, the Helvetica World typeface family. This family is much smaller in terms of its number of fonts, but each font makes up for this in terms of language support. Helvetica World supports a number of languages and writing systems from all over the globe.

Nikola is a text typeface that offers a wide range of possibilities. While its regular and medium weights were specially optimized for maximum performance, balanced for excellent legibility and carefully crafted to spread a scent of tradition on long text settings; its extreme weights, on the other hand, were designed with a more display use in mind, and thanks to the flexibility place at disposal by its many alternates, swashes, decorative cartouches, borders and ornaments, can deliver a vintage, reliable, dynamic, fancy and even playful inflection to the text. Nikola includes a large set of over 1400 glyphs, support for more than 200 latin script languages and 1.21 gigawatts of the finest type design generated by classic proportions, the elegance and formality of the early XX century and a glimpse of expressionism on terminals and serifs. Nikola was named after Nikola Tesla as a tribute to the pioneers of the electric age.

Aldine 401 is a Bitstream version of Bembo type family. It was designed on the base of artwork of Francesco Griffo for Aldus Manutius. Originally the font appeared in “De Aetna” in 1495 — the book by Pietro Bembo about his journey to Mount Etna. Griffo’s design was one of the first old style typefaces followed by Garamond. It was the forerunner for the standard text types in Europe for the next two centuries. A modern version of Bembo was designed at Monotype under the supervision of Stanley Morison in 1929. Aldine 401 is still very popular in book design due to its well-proportioned classic letterforms and lack of peculiarities. Italic was based on the handwriting of Giovanni Tagliente. Books and other texts set in Aldine 401 can encompass a large variety of subjects and formats because of its classical beauty and high readability. Cyrillic version was developed by Isabella Chaeva and released by ParaType in 2008.

Alliance Update to version 2.0 Alliance™ 28 weights, 14 uprights and matching italics. Each typeface contains over 592 glyphs with extensive Western, Central and Eastern European language support. ALLIANCE NO.1 Inspired by Industrial-era types from the end of the 19th century. Attempts to follow the best traditions of Grotesk typefaces. Features monolinear strokes and a good amount of contrast between the stroke thickness of each weight. With its distinctive inktraps, subtle in light versions and more visible in the black ones, Alliance No.1 was developed with unique glyphs to offer maximum flexibility. An airy metric aids good legibility in short texts. ALLIANCE NO.2 Alliance No.2 is a Display typeface. Developed from the original font family for use in large sizes. Based on the combination of contrasting shapes. This is a set useful for branding and advertising. Symbols for public areas, environment, transportation, digital and urban life. OPENTYPE FEATURES Including tabular figures, alternate characters, ligatures, fractions, case-sensitive forms, superscripts, subscripts etc.

Grace was designed by Elisabeth Megnet and appeared with Linotype in 1992. The font is a part of the package Calligraphy for Print, which also contains Ruling Script and Wiesbaden Swing. Calligraphy for Print 2 completes the set. These packages offer modern calligraphy fonts particularly well-suited to use in posters, magazines and advertisements. The basic style of Grace is based on the Gothic miniscule of the 13th century. It represents a modern philosophy held by Andre Guertler, Professor of Typography in Basel with whom Megnet once studied. With this philosophy, calligraphy is not to be seen as a decorative art, and fonts created according to this tenet have far fewer ornamental strokes. They are eccentric, drawn out and almost bulky. Like Gothic forms, one of the predecessors of this font, Grace gives vertical lines a particular emphasis. This font is not meant for long texts but makes a distinctive impression in shorter texts or headlines.

This font was inspired by the Latin script used in European monasteries from circa the 5th to 8th centuries, before the Carolingian “Caroline” (look at our 825 Karolus). It was a regular script, rounded, written slowly, used mainly for specially meticulous books, with a few ligatures, legible, but only with lowercase. The capitals consisted of enlarged lower cases, but here, we have preferred to use two slightly different patterns. Our lower cases are a synthesis from a lot of variants (mainly from the “First Bible” of Charles The Bald), the upper cases were mainly inspired from a 700’s manuscript from the abbey of Fécamp (France). We have adapted the font for contemporary users, differentiating between U and V, I and J, which has no relevance for ancient Latin scribes, and naturally with Thorn, Oslash, Lslash, K, W... punctuation and the usual accented characters which did not exist at the time. It can be used with 799 Insular Title.

Inspired by a few letters in a hand-drawn logotype, Swashington is a serif font with both an early 20th Century feel and yet is evocative of the swash fonts of the 1970s as well. The real meat of this typeface comes with using all the swash and ligature variants allowing for an enormous amount of typographic flair. Starting with the original logo, Jason Walcott was moved to develop these interesting letterforms into a full typeface with all the swashy might he could muster. In addition to a comprehensive set of Swash and Alternate letters, there are also over 270 Discretionary Ligatures that can be used to create different possibilities by mixing and matching. Included with the downloaded fonts are two .pdf files showing all the swashes and ligatures, that can be printed and used for easy reference. All of the alternates are available via the Glyph Palette or with OpenType features. The font includes support for all Latin based and Eastern European languages.

P22 Flora Mambo is based on the distinctive style of 20th century illustrator Jim Flora. Most widely known for his Jazz album covers of the 1940s & 50s, Flora's style shows his fantastic imagination and bold graphic style. The P22 Flora Mambo Set contains 3 fonts- Flora Mambo, a 2-part font that can be used to achieve 2-color text in the style of Flora's iconic 1955 album design, Mambo for Cats and Flornaments, a set of 72 ornaments that features a variety of Flora's illustrative styles from his Jazz album covers to children's books to his fine art prints. Please note that P22 Flora Mambo B is not intended to be used on its own but rather is included with P22 Flora Mambo to create 2-color text. For best results, use with page layout applications. The fonts contained in the P22 Flora Mambo Set are licensed through the Estate of James Flora and JimFlora.com .

PB Roman Uncial Vc is a font face designed for imitate Roman uncial writing style found in manuscripts from 4th to 5th century. All characters are handwritten by use ink and reed pen (calamus), scanned, digitized and optimized for best quality without lost its handwritten visual appearance. Character set support codepages: 1250 Central (Eastern) European, 1252 Western (ANSI), 1254 Turkish, 1257 Baltic. Include also additional characters for Cornish, Danish, Dutch and Welsh language, spaces (M/1, M/2, M/3, M/4, M/6, thin, hair, zero width space etc.), historical characters (overlined Roman numerals, abbreviations, I-longa, historical ligatures for "nomina sacra" and "notae communes") and wide range of ancient punctuation. OpenType TrueType TTF (.ttf) font file include installed OpenType features: Access All Alternates, Localized Forms, Fractions, Alternative Fractions, Ordinals, Superscript, Tabular Figures, Proportional Figures, Stylistic Alternates, Stylistic Set 1, Historical Forms, Historical Ligatures. Include also kerning as single 'kern' table for maximum possible backwards compatibility with older software. Historical ligatures for "nomina sacra" and "notae communes" are mapped to Private Use Area codepoints.

German type designer Ingo Preuss created this family between 2014 and 2016. Instance is a new classic built on the foundation of over two centuries of history. Fresh and contemporary, while feeling familiar. This typeface is a high contrast sans serif typeface family and was designed for contemporary typography, especially for use in headlines and on posters, but also for reading purposes. A flexible, medium to high contrast, sans serif less about designing a stylish decorative design and more about applying contrast onto a neo-grotesk skeleton. Instance is more than just chopping off the serifs. The classical proportions of the capitals and x-heights were maintained, but the letterforms were rebalanced for use without serifs. Contemporary modifications were made to some widths, as well as an all new Light weight was created. Please note: Instance STD Office Packages is only as TrueType (* .ttf) and Standard-Version. Also, the character set has been reduced to Standard (without OpenType-Features, SmallCaps, old style figures, etc.). Ideal for testing and for Microsoft Office applications.

PB Roman Uncial IIc is a font face designed for imitate Roman uncial writing style found in manuscripts from 1st to 2nd century. All characters are handwritten by use ink and reed pen (calamus), scanned, digitized and optimized for best quality without lost its handwritten visual appearance. Character set support codepages: 1250 Central (Eastern) European, 1252 Western (ANSI), 1254 Turkish, 1257 Baltic. Include also additional characters for Cornish, Danish, Dutch and Welsh language, spaces (M/1, M/2, M/3, M/4, M/6, thin, hair, zero width space etc.), historical characters (overlined Roman numerals, I-longa, historical ligatures for "nomina sacra" and "notae communes") and wide range of ancient punctuation. OpenType TrueType TTF (.ttf) font file include installed OpenType features: Access All Alternates, Localized Forms, Fractions, Alternative Fractions, Ordinals, Superscript, Tabular Figures, Proportional Figures, Stylistic Alternates, Stylistic Set 1, Historical Forms, Historical Ligatures. Include also kerning as single 'kern' table for maximum possible backwards compatibility with older software. Historical ligatures for "nomina sacra" and "notae communes" are mapped to Private Use Area codepoints.

The name DIN refers to the Deutsches Institut für Normung (in English, the German Institute for Standardization). The typeface began life as the DIN Institute's standard no. DIN 1451, published in 1931. It contained several models of standard alphabets for mechanically engraved lettering, hand-lettering, lettering stencils and printing types. These were to be used in the areas of signage, traffic signs, wayfinding, lettering on technical drawings and technical documentation. Rooted in earlier designs for Germany's railway companies, the alphabets were based on geometric shapes in order to be easily reproducible using compass and ruler. In post-1945 West Germany, the DIN alphabets were widely used, for instance on most road signs. They became available as fonts that were appreciated by designers for their industrial, somewhat quirky and “non-typographic” look and feel. From the 1990s onwards, more refined versions became available for use in book and magazine typography. DIN Next is a typographically corrected and expanded version of this quintessential 20th-century design. DIN Next Rounded is its softer, friendlier version.

Bodoni Sans is a new classic built on the foundation of two centuries of history. Fresh and contemporary, while feeling familiar. Stylish and sophisticated, confident and elegant. Bodoni Sans is more than just chopping off the serifs. The classical proportions of the capitals and x-heights were maintained, but the letterforms were rebalanced for use without serifs. Contemporary modifications were made to some widths, as well as an all new Light weight was created. High contrast is the key feature of Bodoni Sans. To maintain this contrast over a wide range of sizes, three optical sizes were drawn: Standard, Display and Text. Contrast adjustments were made for each optical size for optimal performance. The Standard was designed for the mid range of 12 to 60pt, Display for 48pt and above, and Text for 6 to 12pt. Web/Digital use was also considered while developing Bodoni Sans. The fonts were tested as web formats, and examined on a variety of screens, to ensure seamless use in both print and digital applications.

Last year I spent some time exploring the city of Bath in England. Its claim to fame are the Roman Baths in the city center, which are well worth a visit. Kingsmead is an electoral ward within Bath and I thought it was an apt name for this rather stylish - if old fashioned - font. Kingsmead Script is a handmade font. It comes with diacritics and some discretionary ligatures for double lower case letter combinations.

Halena Jordan is a beautiful script that's perfect for branding, wedding invitations, and other romantic projects. This love centered look makes it perfect for use in all your design projects be it logos, labels, packaging designs, blog titles, posters, wedding designs, social media posts, Instagram designs, etc. Contains full set: -Uppercase -Lowercase -Alternative -Ligature -Punctuation -Number -Multilingual support. I hope you enjoy this font. If you have any questions, feel free to message me.

Our new Requeiro Typeface is a blackletter vintage display font. Requeiro is an all-caps font with a classic, elegant and dark feel. Inspired by Victorian style, this font is recommended for headline, suitable for display of labels, posters, stickers, storefronts, signage, logotypes or t-shirts. You can apply OpenType features to get more calligraphic looks. Requiem has stylistic sets in the uppercase that you can access to give centered ornamental looks.

Fungis is a somewhat �brother� of Fungia. These two typefaces were conceived simultaneously as an experiment on designing typeface based on natural shapes. In both cases it was mushrooms. Of course the main theme of these typefaces is not mushrooms itself (it was just a start point) but the interaction between form and counterform. In spite of unquestioning individuality the font has some associations with wood typefaces from wild west, typefaces from circus posters of 19th century and even slight feeling of gothic. The font can be useful in different cases: posters, titles, book covers, billboards, street signs, magazine spreads and all situations that demand expressive typography.

Vienna designer Viktor Solt has a love affair with handwriting. “Usually” he says “when I start with a specific calligraphic style I take some historic specimens and try to integrate their main features into my own handwriting.” Although there are hints of various 18th-century calligraphic styles in Ballerino it was not based on any historical model. The swash ascenders and descenders on the lowercase are all slightly different; this and the rough texture of the edges gives Ballerino a distinctly hand-written feel. The swash caps are meant to be used only in conjunction with the lowercase not to be combined with each other.

Trithemius, a 15th century Abbott, and influential counselor to Emperor Maximilian I, was also an author who wrote both histories and the first printed work on cryptography which gained him much adverse notoriety. He has been long regarded as a mystic and some of his works were therefore banned. However, it may have been his intention to cloak his cryptology essays in mystical writing to keep people from easily grasping the subject matter, which it has been recently demonstrated, at heart was really cryptological methodology. This font is based on a printed version of the Polygraphiae a text that included many methods of encryption.

Victorina Shadow is a fantasy sans letter display, inspired by the Victorian letters whose stylistic influence dominated the scene graph of the nineteenth and Twentieth century. Victorina has a perfect structure rigorous geometry. Victorina comes in several versions, in this set you will find the Shadow version in black and italic to complement the varied repertoire of styles of Victorina family, besides providing small caps and ornaments. Victorina Shadow let to work fine fantasy headlines when they overlap in layers of different styles. Victorina Shadow is a letter designed to recreate, with a contemporary vision, the spirit of those days of the industrial revolution and the early days of modernism.

Geographica Hand replicates the neat hand-lettering typical of engraved British maps of the 18th century, including the work of cartographers Emanuel Bowen (circa 1694–1767), Geographer to King George II, and Thomas Jefferys (circa 1719–1771) Geographica ro King George III. A kindred font to our Geographica serif family, Geographica Hand exhibits long serifs, irregular edges, and a genuinely hand-made character. Use to simulate historical materials, vintage documents, or other time-worn text. The OpenType release of Geographica Hand comes with true small capitals, contextual and historical ligatures, a series of sketchy map ornaments (e.g., trees, churches, windmills, boats), and full Latin support.

Patricia Gothic is a Midwestern take on the traditional American sans serif style. It has been designed as a legible workhorse typeface family with just the right amount of character to add liveliness to your text. A hybrid of the gothic style and contemporary geometrics, its design has also been influenced by everything from vernacular signage, antique hand-lettered ads, early 20th century posters, and type used on mason jars. Its thinner weights can appear elegant, refined, and modern. Its regular weights set nicely legible text. And the heavier weights, especially the small caps, evoke vintage poster lettering. Download the Patricia Gothic PDF specimen

Historism Border 2D is a collection of ornaments organized into four font files. The ornaments can be divided into two groups: Friezes (borders) and Rapports (patterns). All the ornaments attribute to the period of Historicism, which prevailed in art in the middle of the 19th century. The ornaments are based on elements of architectural decorations of Lviv buildings in Ukraine. The author personally collected the material and embodied it in the font. This makes the font exclusive and unique among other digital collections of ornaments. These patterns are perfectly suited to be used in the design of invitations, diplomas, certificates or other printed materials in classic-style design.

Describe the 21st century politician. Left or right? Fat or thin? War or peace? Straight or gay? Hard or soft? Male or female? Pro or con? Young or old? East or west? Now look at the Politica super-family and see which font they may be. The overused sans serif faces don’t cut it anymore. This day and age requires a sturdy, modern and straight-to-the-point sans to cover the issues. The Politica family also come in OpenType variations which extend the character set to include Cyrillic, Greek, Baltic, Turkish and Central European languages. You have no excuse: the globe is yours with Politica.

Linotype Pisa is part of the Take Type Library, selected from the contestants of Linotype’s International Digital Type Design Contests of 1994 and 1997. It was designed by Swedish artist Lutz Baar and is a modern text font based on the humanistic Old Face style. The dynamic lines and harmonious proportions make Linotype Pisa a pleasant and legible font. Distinguishing characteristics are the elongated cross strokes of the capital A, B, E, F and P and the slanted cross stroke of the lower case e, typical of Venecian Old Face characters of the 15th century. Linotype Pisa is well-suited to longer texts and headlines.

Introducing Aerodyne, a highly versatile font family with seven weights and italics. While both modern and sleek in its line quality and flow, the fundamentals of this font set takes many of its design cues from more antiquated typestyles of the Roman era, especially in the capital letter set. Pair that up with the influence of mid-20th century humanist letterforms, and you have a type that is full of individual character, but with a smooth uniformity that conjures great beauty and individuality without drawing too much undue attention to itself. The subtle serifs give the font a unique character at both text and display sizes.

The name Moreske, Maureske, Morisca, Morisco comes from Spanish “Mauritanian”. This ornament is based on the greenery motif with strongly stylized stems and leaves fancifully interlacing. Such ornaments were widely used in the 16th century in various decorations from architecture to household goods, and book covers in particular. The font contains high quality vector graphics with elaborate attention to details. This collection consists of friezes (borders) and closed compositions in the shape of circles, squares, rectangles and triangles that can be organized into repeats (patterns). Morseke 2D can be easily used not only in a traditional approach, but also in grunge stylistics enriching your compositions.

Massive moon is headline font with a retro feel transports readers to a bygone era, invoking nostalgia and charm. Its bold strokes and quirky serifs harken back to the golden age of design, reminiscent of vintage posters and classic advertisements. The typeface exudes a timeless appeal, seamlessly merging the flair of yesteryear with modern readability. Each character carries a sense of character, mirroring the craftsmanship of mid-century typography. The warm color palette and slightly distressed texture further amplify the retro vibe, adding a touch of authenticity. This font doesn't just convey information; it tells a story, bridging the gap between the past and present.

Oswald Bruce Cooper designed Cooper Black, an extra bold roman face, based on the forms of his earlier typeface Cooper Old Style, which appeared with Barnhart Brothers & Spindler Type Founders in Chicago. Copper Black was produced by Barnhart in 1922 and acquired in 1924 by the Schriftguß AG in Dresden, where it was later completed with a matching italic. Although Cooper Black appeared in the first third of the 20th century, it still looks contemporary and it can be found on storefronts in almost any city scene. The flowing outer contours create forms that are both strong and soft, making Cooper Black an extremely flexible font.

Vandelvira is a typographic project that delves into the historical legacy of the province of Jaén (northern Andalusia), aimed to spread the culture and tradition of this territory, based on one of its greatest artistic exponents: the architect Andrés de Vandelvira. In the forms and ornaments of these letters, the characteristics of his work during the 16th century are graphically reflected, and it serves as a memory and honor, as a historical legacy of this marvelous "genius loci" of the Spanish Renaissance. 363 CHARACTERS / 636 GLYPHS / 2 INSTANCES (Regular & Italic) / 37 LANGUAGES / 14 LAYOUT FEATURES / Designed by Fran Lara in 2020 - "Cuchi qué Tipo" Foundry

Conceived as an exploration of geometrical type designs of the early twentieth century, Canaro was — in its first design stages — heavily rooted in that time period. During its development and the effort to give it a modern appearance, it turned into a contemporary font with a strong historical background, defined by legibility and functionality. In addition, the lack of spurs provide a unique but unobtrusive character and support the contemporary impression. Typographic features like alternative glyphs, ligatures, oldstyle numbers, arrows, fractions and other special characters, round up the family. Canaro is available in nine weights plus matching italics. Ranging from sharp and elegant thinner cuts to sporty and athletic heavy weights.

Sigillium is a flare serif typefaces, which inspired by early XX centuries sign painting advertising. It has strong historical nature. Letters proportions are very closed to the Roman Capital Letters. Sharp flare serifs endings give special medieval style to the typeface. Sigillium includes: 4 types in Upper- and Lowercases Each style contains more than 250 glyphs which support Latin, Western European, Central European languages (Cyrillic is also included) Files description: regular, carved empty, - not filled 2 styles carved with shadow, - different "light" directions Hope you are enjoying using Sigillium. Please do not hesitate to ask me any questions about the product. (c) Photo credit - Unsplash

Herculanum is a part of the 1990 program “Type before Gutenberg”, which included the work of twelve contemporary font designers and represented styles from across the ages. Herculanum is a work of Swiss typeface designer Adrian Frutiger. It takes its name from the city of Herculaneum, an ancient Roman resort town destroyed by volcanic pyroclastic flows from Mt Vesuvius in 79 AD (the same eruption that destroyed the nearby city of Pompeii). Herculaneum's ruins are located today in the commune of Ercolano, Campania, Italy. Ancient Roman writings of the 1st century influenced the font's design. Herculanum is distinguished by its broad characters with narrow strokes and its willful character.

The Old Turkic script (also known as variously Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script) is the alphabet used by the Göktürks and other early Turkic khanates during the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language. Words were usually written from right to left. According to some sources, Orkhon script is derived from variants of the Aramaic alphabet, in particular via the Pahlavi and Sogdian alphabets of Persia, or possibly via Kharosthi used to write Sanskrit The texts are mostly epitaphs (official or private), but there are also graffiti and a handful of short inscriptions found on archaeological artifacts, including a number of bronze mirrors.

Dequindre is a monolinear blackletter typeface, and was drawn as if grade school handwriting practice sheets came in a blackletter variety. Dropping the thin/thick calligraphic contrast of traditional blackletter glyph construction and instead sticking to the bare skeleton of the typeface, Dequindre manages to bring forth a delicate, contemporary aesthetic that plays off of a core blackletter form. Overall portrayed with a softer, more friendly take on the angular, severe forms of 16th century blackletter style, and through pulling some of the curvier, smoother stroke qualities of Antiqua while still maintaining the overall construction and flourish of Fraktur, Dequindre sits in a unique space in the pantheon of blackletter typefaces.

Selectric Pyramid is a typewriter font. Egyptian slab serif · Geometric slab serif Pyramid is version of Memphis (1929) by Dr. Rudolf Wolf. The part of the large project on revival and further development (by drawing many additional glyphs, sometimes over 1000) of the 20th century’s typewriters’ fonts.

Galena Pro is an extended version of Galena, a typeface published for Bayer Corporation in 1996. Galena Pro is based on the open and organic forms imagined by the writers of humanist Italy, who designed the first so-called Roman characters. Humanist style fonts have moderate stroke contrast, uneven widths, and a classic, but soft and easy-to-read appearance. Galena Pro gives a new birth to the 15th century incunabula, a typographic drawing where the gestures of this standardized handwriting are not mechanical, but more fluid. The Galena Pro series can provide professional typography with OpenType features such as alternative sets of numbers, fractions and an extended character set to support Central and Eastern European as well as Western European Languages. The different styles of the Galena are enriched with a condensed variant to meet the need for space savings in titles and texts.

Galena Pro is an extended version of Galena, a typeface published for Bayer Corporation in 1996. Galena Pro is based on the open and organic forms imagined by the writers of humanist Italy, who designed the first so-called Roman characters. Humanist style fonts have moderate stroke contrast, uneven widths, and a classic, but soft and easy-to-read appearance. Galena Pro gives a new birth to the 15th century incunabula, a typographic drawing where the gestures of this standardized handwriting are not mechanical, but more fluid. The Galena Pro series can provide professional typography with OpenType features such as alternative sets of numbers, fractions and an extended character set to support Central and Eastern European as well as Western European Languages. The different styles of the Galena are enriched with a condensed variant to meet the need for space savings in titles and texts.