The first versions of Nimbus Sans have been designed and digitized in the 1980s for the URW SIGNUS sign-making system. Highest precision of all characters (1/100 mm accuracy) as well as spacing and kerning were required because the fonts should be cut in any size in vinyl or other material used for sign-making. During this period three size ranges were created for text (T), the display (D) and poster (P) for small, medium and very large font sizes. In addition, we produced a so-called L-version that was compatible to Adobe’s PostScript version of Helvetica. Nimbus was also the product name of a URW-proprietary renderer for high quality and fast rasterization of outline fonts, a software provided to the developers of PostScript clone RIPs (Hyphen, Harlequin, etc.) back then. Also in the 80s, a new, improved version of the Nimbus Sans, namely Nimbus Sans Novus was designed. Nimbus Sans Novus was conceptually developed entirely with URW’s IKARUS system, i.e. all styles harmonize perfectly with each other in terms of line width, weight, proportions, etc. On top of that, Nimbus Sans Novus contains more styles than Nimbus Sans. Now, Nimbus Sans is also available as Round (like the popular URW fonts Futura Round and Eurostile Round). The Round versions are intended to facilitate the work of designers and typographers. The fonts can be used directly, without further preparatory work in graphic programs as finished, high-quality Rounds.

The first versions of Nimbus Sans have been designed and digitized in the 1980s for the URW SIGNUS sign-making system. Highest precision of all characters (1/100 mm accuracy) as well as spacing and kerning were required because the fonts should be cut in any size in vinyl or other material used for sign-making. During this period three size ranges were created for text (T), the display (D) and poster (P) for small, medium and very large font sizes. In addition, we produced a so-called L-version that was compatible to Adobe’s PostScript version of Helvetica. Nimbus was also the product name of a URW-proprietary renderer for high quality and fast rasterization of outline fonts, a software provided to the developers of PostScript clone RIPs (Hyphen, Harlequin, etc.) back then. Also in the 80s, a new, improved version of the Nimbus Sans, namely Nimbus Sans Novus was designed. Nimbus Sans Novus was conceptually developed entirely with URW’s IKARUS system, i.e. all styles harmonize perfectly with each other in terms of line width, weight, proportions, etc. On top of that, Nimbus Sans Novus contains more styles than Nimbus Sans. Now, Nimbus Sans is also available as Round (like the popular URW fonts Futura Round and Eurostile Round). The Round versions are intended to facilitate the work of designers and typographers. The fonts can be used directly, without further preparatory work in graphic programs as finished, high-quality Rounds.

Irrlicht is based on C. H. Kleukens’ 1923 typeface Judith Type . Whilst Dunkle Irrlicht is a fairly faithful rendition and extension of Kleukens’ typeface, the Licht style was initially added as a stand-alone stencil version; yet, the two styles work perfectly together – for different nuances, for emphasis or simply stacked/layered. Irrlicht is equipped with upper- and lowercase ligatures, contextual and stylistic alternates, fractions, superior and inferior figures, extended language support and a few extra goodies. Additional information – How Irrlicht came to life Christian Heinrich Kleukens cut his Judith Type in 1923, at the peak of German expressionism, exclusively for publications with the Ernst-Ludwig-Press, such as a limited series of biblical prints – the first being the Book of Judith , hence the original’s name. I stumbled upon this typeface a couple of years ago in a nice little 1930 booklet of the Gutenberg-Gesellschaft and was struck by its forceful darkness on paper and its seemingly simple, crude letterforms. The lack of a long-ſ in the final version of Judith Type – quite unusual for a German typeface of that time – adds to this feel of crudeness and spontaneity*. Judith Type seemed to me like a semi-blackletter cousin of Rudolf Koch’s typeface Neuland (cast in the same year). Besides its apparent affinity with expressionism, it reflects a lot of that deeply spiritual craftsmanship of the era – much like Neuland. A few months later, when I was working on a stencil project and looking for a typeface that could be cut into thin wooden plates easily, I remembered those dark, sharp letters that seemed to be lacking any curves at all. After enlarging a few letters and tracing them by hand, the whole set was redrawn digitally, using only straight lines. As for spacing, the goal was to keep the letters tight but to avoid touching characters – without ironing out all the original’s tension and rhythm. Deliberate kerning, subtle contextual alternates and ligatures help to deal with critical glyph combinations. Two additional versions were developed: a stencil version with open counters and, in reference to a popular style of the 1920s and inspired by dry, cracked wood, an inline version. These two additional styles were later merged into one font – Lichte** Irrlicht was born. — AARHAUS * Consequently, the original typeface’s German eszett is simply a ligature of the “round s” and standard z . In some of his publications, Kleukens dispenses with using eszett altogether and sets double s instead. Irrlicht , however, does feature a more common eszett (ß); the original, among other more faithful letter forms, can be accessed via the stylistic sets feature ** licht – literally bright – being the German term for inline typefaces – not to be confused with leicht ( light )

The Schneidler Latein is a sharp and elegant Antiqua based on the ductus of the broad edged pen with a strong character. Running perfectly in paragraph text giving it something quite special and being effortlessly legible at the same time, Schneidler Latein works great in headings as well. Each glyph is a piece of art ready to be used in branding and blowup combining beauty and personality in a kick-ass blend. It is absolutely new to the digital world as it never has been digitized before. This new version digitized, further developed and extended by artist and graphic designer Lena Schmidt comes in nine styles from which there are four application-related ones like Subtext and Display and five weight-related ones like Bold and Heavy. Each style contains 948 glyphs, variations of numbers, three stylistic sets one preserving the historic forms of changed characters, small caps, open type features and superior and inferior characters. Designed by F. H. Ernst Schneidler the Schneidler Latein was released in 1916, the bold version in 1920 and the italics in 1921. Schneidler was born in 1882 in Berlin. He studied at the school for applied arts in Düsseldorf with professor F. H. Ehmcke and P. Behrens. He was as a painter, graphic designer and illustrator. In 1920 he was appointed as teacher in the school for applied arts Stuttgart. His students were Albert Kapr, Imre Reiner and Lilo Rasch-Naegele among others. Further well-known fonts from his hands are for example Legende, Amalthea, Schneidler Mediävel and Schneidler Antiqua. Lena Schmidt was born 1981 in Bremen. She is a german painter, graphic designer and illustrator mostly known for her huge wood carving paintings. From 2003 to 2011 she studied Fine Arts in Hamburg with professor Matt Mullican. From 2015 to 2019 she studied graphic design with a focus on type design at HAW Hamburg Department Design with professor Jovica Veljović. She lives and works in Hamburg, Germany.

Theorem is an interesting change from the usual calligraphic work of Koziupa and Paul. An art deco font with a 1990s twist in its capitals, Theorem’s lowercase characters were designed to automatically achieve the best optical spacing in typesetting. To accomplish that goal, a variety of alternates were drawn for most letters, and plenty of vowel-focused ligatures were designed. The automagic of OpenType ties it all together to make a very versatile typeface that is quite useful for packaging and many different applications of display typography.

Based on the late 1970s artwork by outstanding Armenian type designer Henrik Mnatsakanyan (1923-2001). That was the only design created by Mnatsakanyan for Latin and Cyrillic. Digital version with adding the missing characters was designed for ParaType in 2003 by Manvel Shmavonyan. The font name Henman proposed by Mnatsakanyan is formed of the first three letters from the each designer's name: HENrik and MANvel. Some fractured elements make the face informal and a little bit funny. For use in text, advertising and display matter.

Groovecore is a modern bold serif display font with an unmistakable 1970s vibe. This is a design that is equally at home on a retro t-shirt logo as it is on a stylish fashion headline. The combination of plump rounded serifs and pointy curls sets up a nice graphic interplay of shapes. You'll find Groovecore to be carefully and extensively kerned, with even color weight that's makes it shine even in small extended text passages. Quirky but legible, Groovecore is a great choice in many contexts.

Asta, named after the adorable pup in the “Thin Man” movies from the 1930‘s and early ‘40‘s, is an Art Deco / Streamline Moderne all-caps display font. Inspired by forms from the iconic machinery of the day like trains and autos, Asta has a heavy and masculine proportion, a cut-in “grille” effect and a slight slant which emphasizes its moderne roots. Fantastic for illustration or retro applications like antique product “logos,” signs and vintage packaging, or for a fun & funky ‘70‘s Disco look.

Telephone Extended is a geometric semi-slab family with block serifs positioned to assist wordflow. The typeface evolved from an italic wordmark designed in 1966 for the British GPO by the Banks & Miles agency to publicize all-figure telephone dialling (all-number calling), and the new fonts retain that italic spirit, even in the upright romans. The squarish glyphs, with a mix of rounded and angular corners, have a post-modern feel suggesting technological advance, innovation and vitality. A normal width family, Telephone, is also available.

Zona Black Slab is a geometric slab–serif display black typeface. It is the brother font of Zona Black which was inspired by posters from the late 1920’s. Despite being black it has a tall x–height, making it quite legible even at smaller sizes. Its strong features are clean lines, neat square slabs and distinctive glyphs which tend to look even more beautiful at large sizes. Zona Black Slab supports Latin and Greek characters, ligatures and special characters. The Zona Black Slab awaits you!

These four typefaces, Berlinette NB, Lyonette NB, Marseillette NB and Parisette NB, were designed from the same basic shape, a fanciful geometric form that avoids strict horizontals and uses more offbeat triangular shapes. Berlinette is the medieval Gutenbergian version of the four. It’s like a weird black letter font from the 1930s. It would work well advertising an obscure brand of German beer on the side of a Zeppelin as it circles the soccer stadium during the last match. In a William Burroughs novel.

Telephone is a geometric semi-slab family with block serifs positioned to assist wordflow. The typeface evolved from an italic wordmark designed in 1966 for the British GPO by the Banks & Miles agency to publicize all-figure telephone dialling (all-number calling), and the new fonts retain that italic spirit, even in the upright romans. The squarish glyphs, with a mix of rounded and angular corners, have a post-modern feel suggesting technological advance, innovation and vitality. A wide version, Telephone Extended, is also available.

RMU Belvedere is a revival of Heinrich Wieyncks design, which was released by Bauer in 1906. The font was completely redrawn and redesigned, and comes with a long s, two framing elements and two tailpieces. Get the long s by typing [alt] + b or turn the round s into a long s by using the OT feature Historical Alternative. Start making the frame by typing [alt] + >, and continue with [alt] +

The P22 Platten font family has been revisited and expanded by designer Colin Kahn. Platten is based on lettering found in German fountain pen practice books from the 1920s (you may have seen the similar Speedball books in the US). This round tip pen lettering is comparable to the basic forms used in grammar school teaching alphabets, but with a few original characteristics. The Italic version has even more of these unusual features. Geometric and simple yet casual and timeless. Perfect for many uses.

Compacta is the work of Fred Lambert and is reminiscent of the extremely narrow, sans serif stencilled fonts of the 1920s, then intended as titles or headlines for magazines and posters. The characters of all cuts are narrow and the space between letters is very small. The white spaces between strokes are perceived almost as only small white stripes and dots which stand out from the black bands of the lines of text. Compacta is not meant for longer texts but is impressive in titles and headlines.

Compacta is the work of Fred Lambert and is reminiscent of the extremely narrow, sans serif stencilled fonts of the 1920s, then intended as titles or headlines for magazines and posters. The characters of all cuts are narrow and the space between letters is very small. The white spaces between strokes are perceived almost as only small white stripes and dots which stand out from the black bands of the lines of text. Compacta is not meant for longer texts but is impressive in titles and headlines.

Picture if you will, a balmy autumn evening in Manhattan during the 1930s and a well-dressed couple out on the town. They hail one of the hansom cabs located near Central Park and climb in for an old-fashioned romantic ride around the green. Such are the type of images the stylized Art Deco hand-lettering comprising Horse Drawn Carriage JNL evokes. The inspiration for this font was the title card for a 1935 Bette Davis feature entitled "The Girl from 10th Avenue".

The original sketches who formed the base for Remontoire is known as one of the first typefaces drawn by Karl-Erik Forsberg . It was a result of a competition set up by various typographic organizations in the early 1930. The typeface was never completed and sketches are only to be found on paper. Made only as a single font but some the character can later on be found in other of examples of his work; Carolus and Ericus. MRF developed and expanded the family into 5 weights.

Bowdon is a warm, Bodoni-inspired English Modern, influenced by the 1930s lettering of designer Barnett Freedman. Slightly rounded corners give characters a printed-look softness, and hairlines are thickened a little to increase legibility at smaller sizes, reducing the harshness and dazzle that can afflict Didone typefaces. Bowdon is supplied in three widths – Regular, Wide and Narrow – and each width is accompanied by a utilitarian oblique rather than a fancy italic. Each font includes a full Latin Extended-A character set and additional oldstyle numerals.

A lovely valentine inspired set of calligraphic ornaments and frames including seamless borders and patterns. With more than 160 hand drawn unique designs LoveHearts is the perfect choice for designing romantic greeting cards and beautiful wedding invitations as well as letter signatures and anniversary accessories.

Hanseat is a profonts typeface family by Ralph M. Unger, heavily inspired by Germany’s official DIN 1451 Engschrift. Originally, the German DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung / German Committee for Industrial Standardization) typefaces were taken as the standard traffic fonts for street signs and house numbers. During the 1980s, the DIN fonts became digitally available for sign making systems, initially again primarily for traffic sign purposes. However, later on, the DIN fonts became also popular in the world of designers and art directors. Hanseat is a modern, contemporary interpretation of the DIN fonts, responding to the ever growing demand for such typeface designs reflecting the spirit of the industrial area.

Silver Thread is a hairline thin geometric sans serif font with both art deco and 1970s elements to it. Perfect for any project that needs a typeface which evokes elegance and sophistication. Digitally revived from an older photo-typositing face, Silver Thread is named after a waterfall in eastern Pennsylvania. The font contains alternate versions of B, Q, W, &, a, e, k, n, s, t, u, w, y and 4 for added variety. They can be found under the Stylistic Alternates OT feature. Jukebox fonts are provided in OpenType .otf format and all fonts contain basic OpenType features as well as support for Latin-based and most Eastern European languages.

Schnorr is a family of three fonts drawn by a German designer, Peter Schnorr. Schnorr Dekorativ is one of the less frequently seen of the alphabets he designed and one of the few for which he designed as lower case. Like many of the alphabets of the period, Schnorr Dekorativ is a delicate design. To provide a little more presence, we have added a DEMIBOLD version. Included in both Schnorr Dekorativ and Schnorr Demibold are an ornament of Schnorr’s design, seven T-ligatures and an alternate lower case t. 123=Ta, 125=Te, 135=Th, 137=Ornament, 167=Ti, 172=To, 188=Tr, 190=Tu and 177=alternate t. Schnorr’s design for the lower case t is unusual and not readily recognized. The alternate may be used to improve readability. Schnorr Initialen was designed as an upper case only design and as such is quite popular. It is often seen under the name of Odessa. Our font is a fresh scan and is paired with our Schnorr Demibold to provide a compatible lower case, along with all the rest of the auxiliary characters. Schnorr Initialen includes all the extras supplied with Schnorr Dekorativ and Schnorr Demibold: 123=Ta, 125=Te, 135=Th, 137=Ornament, 167=Ti, 172=To, 188=Tr, 190=Tu and 177=alternate t. In addition, Schnorr Initialen also includes an alternate uppercase I (172) and five lotus ornaments (123, 125, 167, 188 and 190).

Fast Rewind: A Timeless Handwritten Script Font A handwritten brush script with a versatile, relaxed and nostalgic feel. This illustrative brush script owes its inspiration to the 1950s art direction typical of mainstream magazines and book covers. A relaxed hand-lettered title was often paired with illustrations of handsome couples or escapist scenes, encouraging readers to settle into the latest gripping story from authors such as Ray Bradbury, Donald Westlake or Arthur Miller. Fast Rewind aims to repurpose this vintage look for contemporary designers with two handwritten fonts, drawn in ink and brush, and then digitally mastered to maintain those all-important human imperfections. Included are the Regular and Alternative designs, with a complete set of uppercase and lowercase characters, along with numbers, symbols and language support. Also included are a variety of underlines and illustrations as seen in these visuals. Each style also comes with its own selection of extra glyphs to helps you achieve the perfect flow between characters and avoid tell-tale repetition. Thanks to all the great photographers who provided images for these visuals.

If there was an American Typeface Hall of Fame, Bank Gothic, designed by the great Morris Fuller Benton would hold a place of special distinction considering this design has survived so many trends in typographic fashion since being introduced in 1930. Its just as desirable today as it was over eighty years ago; arguably more. Today, Bank Gothic is a very popular choice as a titling face for science fiction books, posters and countless television and movie titles. It is also a popular typeface for use in computer games and digital graphics. GroupType’s 2010 revival of this American classic is true to the design, the period, and Benton’s aesthetic. GroupType worked with some of the most talented and experienced type designers that were historically grounded and sensitive to this design project. Fortunately, Mr. Benton has left us a large selection of other great typefaces for insight and guidance. GroupType’s new revival includes the original three weights in regular and condensed style plus two new distressed fonts. All have a new small cap and lowercase in each font necessary for 21st century typography.

With Antipol Variable, the reversed stress font was supplemented with Wide and Extended cuts in the Hairline weight. The ability to stretch single letters extremely wide is an exclusive goodie of the Variable version. Antipol is a Sans Serif design that reverses the conventions of a regular Latin Sans Serif. With a weight emphasis on the horizontals and its vertical terminals Antipol radiates a 1970s charisma known from the like of Antique Olive. Its modern and avantgardistic attributes are most pronounced in the Hairline weight, where ultra thin lines meet distinctive arrowhead-corners. This particular weight is meant for display settings, think full-page magazine titles or posters. Antipol Wide and Antipol Extended are a generous statement for graphic design with enough space to let the type breathe: art catalogs, lead texts, invitations, letterheads or brand identity. Any style comes with a wide range of OpenType features that goes beyond a standard display font: Small Caps, Proportional and Tabular Oldstyle Figures and Lining Figures, Fractions, and much more.

The original metal Neue Haas Grotesk™ would, in the late 1950s become Helvetica®. But, over the years, Helvetica would move away from its roots. Some of the features that made Neue Haas Grotesk so good were expunged or altered owing to comprimises dictated by technological changes. Christian Schwartz says Neue Haas Grotesk was originally produced for typesetting by hand in a range of sizes from 5 to 72 points, but digital Helvetica has always been one-size-fits-all, which leads to unfortunate compromises."""" Schwartz's digital revival sets the record straight, so to speak. What was lost in Neue Haas Grotesk's transition to the digital Helvetica of today, has been resurrected in this faithful digital revival. The Regular and Bold weights of Helvetica were redesigned for the Linotype machine; those alterations remained when Helvetica was adapted for phototypesetting. During the 1980s, the family was redrawn and released as Neue Helvetica. Schwartz's revival of the original Helvetica, his new Neue Haas Grotesk, comes complete with a number of Max Miedinger's alternates, including a flat-legged R. Eight display weights, from Thin to Black, plus a further three weights drawn specifically for text make this much more than a revival - it's a versatile, well-drawn grot with all the right ingredients. The Thin weight (originally requested by Bloomberg Businessweek) is very fine, very thin indeed, and reveals the true skeleton of these iconic letterforms. Available as a family of OpenType fonts with a very large Pro character set, Neue Haas Grotesk supports most Central European and many Eastern European languages.

Helvetica is one of the most famous and popular typefaces in the world. It lends an air of lucid efficiency to any typographic message with its clean, no-nonsense shapes. The original typeface was called Neue Haas Grotesk, and was designed in 1957 by Max Miedinger for the Haas’sche Schriftgiesserei (Haas Type Foundry) in Switzerland. In 1960 the name was changed to Helvetica (an adaptation of Helvetia, the Latin name for Switzerland). Over the years, the original Helvetica™ family was expanded to include many different weights, but these were not as well coordinated with each other as they might have been. At the beginning of the 21st Century, Linotype released an updated design of Helvetica, the Helvetica World typeface family. This family is much smaller in terms of its number of fonts, but each font makes up for this in terms of language support. Helvetica World supports a number of languages and writing systems from all over the globe.

Panforte Serif is the basic ingredient for any tasty visual feast: a prime-cut font family, deliciously readable online and offline, space-saving and organic, appealing to hipster consumers and seasoned gluttons. Hand drawn in easy big strokes, its a very condensed typeface that allows you to typeset easily long texts. Lovers of world cuisine will be delighted to discover that it supports over 190 languages using the latin alphabet.

Basic Commercial is a font based on historical designs from the hot metal typeface era. It first appeared around 1900, and was created by type designers whose names have not been recorded but whose skills cannot be overlooked. This typeface's design has been popular among groups and movements as diverse as the Bauhaus, Dadaism, and the masters of Swiss/International-Style typography. It influenced for a variety of later grotesque fonts, such as Helvetica and Univers. Basic Commercial was distributed for many years in the United States under the name Standard Series. The typeface worked its way into many aspects of daily life and culture; for instance, it became the face chosen for use in the New York City subway system's signage. The Basic Commercial's font family members have a clear and objective design. Their forms exhibit almost nothing unusual, but remain both lively and legible nonetheless. Perhaps for this reason, Basic Commercial's design has been popular with graphic designers for decades. To read more about the history of typefaces like Basic Commercial, visit our font feature, The Sans Serif Typefaces. In addition several weights of this typefamily are available as soft rounded versions."

The basic letterforms of this typeface were found in a lettering book, Rotalución Decorativa, published in Barcelona in the 1940s. Add a lowercase and a few flourishes suggested by a hand-painted sign seen at a neighborhood tavern on Staten Island, and you have a seriously fun face. To add even more spice, the font also contains alternate characters in the Logical Not, ASCII circumflex and tilde positions. It also contains a few alternate characters in the ASCII circumflex and tilde positions to perk things up. Both versions of the font contain characters to support all major European languages.

Rufus Script is a connected script font inspired by Palmer method of business writing (classic commercial lettering of the 1900-1915). The Rufus Script family comes in five weights, with automatically loaded contextual alternates. Character set contain over 500 characters per font for wide range of Latin-based language support. Include proportional and tabular figures, ornaments and popular recycling symbols used for packaging. Rufus Script is great for product packaging, book covers, poster design, editorials and greeting cards. May be also freely used for long inscriptions due to its formal structure and added small irregularities simulate not fully-trained hand.

Op-art never looked so good. Taking a cue from the popularity in the 1970s of deco Prismas and their related contemporary interpretations, this geometric font updates the trend. Overlap text in different colours or black and white for eye-teasing moiré combinations. An image above illustrates the use of Dazzle Underprint, a uniform-width version of the font that is placed under Dazzle and used to create two-colour effects simply and easily. Dazzle Underprint is not intended for solo use, only as an underprint — please see Dazzle Unicase for a range of undecorated weights.

Rapier, designed by Martin Wait for ITC in 1989, is an impulsive, energetic script font with strong ties to the brush and advertisement typefaces of hte 1940s. The zestful capitals contrast with small, narrow lower case letters, lending the font its dynamism and liveliness. Desinger Wait reached the energetic, almost aggressive feel of Rapier with snappy base forms and especially with ascending strokes. For an optimal look it is advisable to set Rapier's forms near to one another, so that the ends of the strokes of one figure touch the beginning of the next. Rapier is best used for headlines and short texts.

Created in 1983 by British artist Alan Birch, this dramatic design conveys all the immediacy, impact, and effect of a stencil or rubber-stamp on paper. With a corroded, rough-around-the-edges feeling, Rubber Stamp gives an impression similar to the old, beat-up looking typewriter fonts that were popular among designers during the 1990s. Rubber Stamp is an all caps font, and is primarily suited for many headline and display applications that use larger point sizes. Try out Rubber Stamp in magazines, newsletters, and any other work that would be enhanced by a stencil, branding, or rubber stamp effect.

Inspired by public fonts in New York in the 1970s. Authority pays tribute to the almost unnoticed but powerful effect type have on our lives. From waiting on a cold morning to catch the 307 to Morton West High School, to the rain and snow worn stencil on a postal box. Public typography is a part of the little spaces in your lives where life actually happens. Government designed fonts were chosen to communicate authority and help grease the gears of the day-to-day grind. Authority beckons back to these days with it's mildly condensed feel, squared corners and weight presence.

Based on scans of some 1906 newspaper headlines detailing the devastation of the San Francisco earthquake, Newsbreaker JNL is a modern take on vintage typography. With a few letterform characteristics somewhat reminiscent of DeVinne, this typeface was perfect in its day for expressing news headlines - and it holds up just as well today for titling or banner ad copy. Available in regular and oblique versions.

Sheet music from 1910 with another one of those ridiculous thirteen word titles (“I Love My Steady but I’m Crazy for My “Once-in-a-While’”) had the lengthy verbiage hand lettered in a bold serif typeface with slightly spurred serifs. This has been recreated in a digital typeface with a much shorter name: Weekend Date JNL, which is available in both regular and oblique versions.