Meet Salmond, a geometric and modern sans serif font designed with a tight letterspace, exuding a unique, minimalist charm. Consists with six weights, ranging from Light, Regular, News, Medium, Semibold, and Bold, matching with Oblique styles and multilingual support. This font family offers versatility for various design needs, designed especially for display such as titles, branding, logos, books, UI/UX, and impactful editorial work.

Cursivo Saxonio is a typeface inspired in the famous book The Case of Charles Dexter Ward, by H P Lovecraft. It shows better than I get with my studies the authentic "Insularis" or "Cursivo Saxonio" handlettering of the VIII and XI centuries used by some people in Britain. The text on the accompanying poster reads: “Corwinus necandus est. Cadaver aq(ua) forti dissolvendum, nec aliq(ui)d retinendum. Tace ut potes”

Pretty Salmon is a display font that can be used for all chalkboard quotes or teaching material! Its authentic look and feel will add a personal and realistic feel to your designs.

Ikan Salmon Ikan Salmon a Handwritten Display Font With 3 Style (Regular,Outline and Shadow) You Can Mix And Match for Your Awesome Project This fonts is ideal for crafting, branding and decorate your any project. This fonts are perfect for wedding invitation or your blog. Also with their help, you can create a logo or beautiful frame for your home. Or just use for your business, book covers, stationery, marketing, magazines and more. FEATURES : Uppercase & Lowercase Number & Punctuation More than 254 of glyphs Multilingual Language PUA Encode 27 Ligatures Alternate The alternative characters were divided into several Open Type features can be accessed by using Open Type savvy programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Adobe InDesign, Adobe Photoshop Corel Draw X version, And Microsoft Word. And this Font has given PUA unicode (specially coded fonts). so that all the alternate characters can easily be accessed in full by a craftsman or designer. If you don't have a program that supports OpenType features such as Adobe Illustrator and CorelDraw X Versions, you can access all the alternate glyphs using Font Book (Mac) or Character Map (Windows). To Access Alternate Characters Click The Link Below: Adobe illustrator CS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geL0Ye02Ryk Adobe illustrator CC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V25yiUh8BcE Ms Word https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxkhZiCuwEw Coreldraw X7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBVsufJjons Adobe Photoshop CC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYKXl58AdNY Indesign CS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgZTCxKG14Q Check my other Font here : https://gilarstudio.com/

Amonos Display Font Family aims for a modern and simple lifestyle. Sleek and stylish skeletons boast a unique style from thin to black weights. Regardless of weights, 18 styles have special talents related to headings, subtitles and logos. The understated metaphor and sense of stability is the best alternatives for creative typography. Therefore, it supports stable dynamics beyond the biased simplicity of geometric fonts. And some different Glyphs of oblique typefaces add to the delightful fun. Enclosed Glyphs and Symbols will be so useful for editorial design.

Baby Salmon Script is a beautiful script font with many alternative styles, natural looking, elegant and perfect for any extraordinary project. Baby Salmon Script is suitable for various products such as invitations, product packaging, product design, crafters, labels, photography, watermarks, logos & branding. Everything can be accessed using software that supports Opentype, such as Adobe Indesign, Adobe CS Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop CC, and Corel Draw. Please message if you have any questions, and say hello. Thank you :)

Here’s a techno typeface with a difference. Its monoline stroke and sharp terminals are softened by rounded corners, and its perceptual monospaced widths have been subtly altered and strategically kerned to improve the visual flow. This font contains the complete Latin language character set (Unicode 1252) plus support for Central European (Unicode 1250) languages as well.

I present it to you as a hollow-style transparent design of the Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription. Use it with pleasure.

Anglo Saxon Futhark Runic adapted form of that beautiful impressive alien script from the Fantastic Predator movie. It looks great with the impressive red color.

A treasure trove of typographic rarity, found in an old print shop in the Saxon town of Frankenberg, now revived and carefully extended.

In 1968 Hildegard Korger’s Typoskript was cut by Typoart in Dresden, Saxony. This freshly redrawn and digitized version was extended to include Central European, Baltic and Turkish letterforms, and possesses various OTF features. It is well suited for invitations, lyrics, poems and related things.

In predator, a fantastic sci-fi movie. My version of the fantastic script used to write the alien language, adapted into Old Hungarian runic script. Other versions are Anglo-Saxon Runic and Old Turkic Runic.

Vasili Vasilyevich Radlof or Wilhelm Radloff (Russian: Василий Васильевич Радлов; German: Wilhelm Radloff; 17 January 1837 - 12 May 1918) was a German-born Russian orientalist and founder of Turcology. Radloff is a German-born Russian Turcologist who researches the Turkish world from different perspectives, opens a new era in the history of Turkology by bringing them to light, and devoted 60 years of his 81-year life to these studies. He published his work known as Radloff's Atlas with a runic font specially developed for the Old Turkish Runic Alphabet. I made the Turkish Runic Font using Radloff's Atlas. I developed this Anglo Saxon Futhark font based on this font and adapted it to Anglo Saxon script.

The historical source to Bad Situation comes from "EXAMPLES OF MODERN ALPHABETS, PLAIN and ORNAMENTAL; including German, Old English, Saxon, Italic, Perspective, Greek, Hebrew, Court Hand, Engrossing, Tuscan, Riband, Gothic, Rustic, and Arabesque, etc." Collected and engraved by F. Delamotte, and first published in 1864. The original alphabet was called "Example Alphabet" (plate 48), by Delamotte.

Zapf Chancery font is a work of German designer Hermann Zapf. It was named after a typeface used in Anglo-Saxon lands during the Renaissance as well as inspired by such scripts. This font makes it possible to give printed items an individual character. The handwriting of the designer can be seen in the forms of this classic, elegant font.

Cirth was invented by J.R.R. Tolkien for use in his novels. It is modelled on the Anglo-Saxon Runic alphabet, and is used to write the language of the Dwarves (Khuzdul) in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings in inscriptions in wood and stone. It is also used as a alternative alphabet for English. This font is english version.

Cirth was invented by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien for use in his novels. It is modelled on the Anglo-Saxon Runic alphabet, and is used to write the language of the Dwarves (Khuzdul) in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings in inscriptions in wood and stone. It is also used as a alternative alphabet for English. The fonts here are both the hobbit version and the version for English.

London is one of my favourite cities, so it was about time I named a font after it. Well, technically, I named a font after one of London’s districts. Southwark comes from the Anglo-Saxon word Suthriganaweorc, which means ‘Fort of the men of Surrey’. The font Southwork is a handmade Clarendon. I used a Japanese brush pen to create the outlines. I gave the glyphs texture by filling them in with a brush and Chinese ink. Southwark, therefore, has an uneven look and a brushy texture. It looks good on just about anything, but posters, greeting cards and product packaging come to mind.

P22 Yule is a series of display fonts inspired by a mélange of ancient inscriptional writing, with visual references to Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, medieval and even a bit of ancient Greek and roman letterforms. Yule is exotic yet familiar and evocative of winter holidays. It has an Alpine look, lending itself to the thoughts of chalets and fondue. Yule Heavy Snow is blanketed in the white stuff, while Yule Light Flurries is dusted with snowflakes. With the addition of the Klein style, which includes a lowercase, Yule becomes infinitely more usable. The Klein variations can work well as an alternative to Neuland when you need the versatility of a lowercase.

Vinneta is a direct italic font. Its contours and graceful, and precise. Vinneta has a huge number of alternative variations of the glyphs, 20 stylistic sets, it allows you to create a variety of compositions. In addition Vinneta has 17 OpenType features, including oldstyle numbers, swashes, contextual alternates, historical forms, standard ligatures, discretionary and contextual ligatures, localized forms, stylistic alternates, and more others. For convenience here are two faces, one with stylized capitals (they are different from swashes), in another - classic capitals. Vinneta has characters of all European and Slavic languages. "Vinneta" it is an ancient city of the Venedi (Wends), the legendary highly developed Slavic-Aryan people that lent its name to Venice city, lake Bodensee in southern Germany, the land of Wendland in Lower Saxony; and besides, Lithuanians and Estonians even today, this name referred to the Slavs (Veneja and Vene).

Gundrada ML was inspired by the lettering on the tomb of Gundrada de Warenne. She was buried at Southover Church at Lewes, Sussex, in the south of England in 1085. The Latin inscription on her tomb, STIRPS GUNDRADA DUCUM, meaning “Gundrada, descendant of the Duke” may have led to the speculation that she was the daughter of William, Duke of Normandy and bastard son of Robert the Devil of Normandy and Arletta, daughter of a tanner in Falaise. In 1066 William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings and was crowned William I of England. More commonly known as William the Conquerer, he commissioned a string of forts around the kingdom and charged trusted Norman Barons to control the contentious Anglo-Saxon population. William de Warenne, husband of Gundrada, was one of these Barons. There has also been the suggestion that Gundrada may have been the daughter of William’s wife, Matilda of Flanders, by a previous marriage. According to the Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, Oxford, England 1921-22), both of these contentions are in dispute. Searching the past of a thousand years ago is like wandering in a heavy fog: facts are only dimly in view. Regardless, I know that I found these letterforms immediately engaging in their simplicity. Unadorned and unsophisticated, they have a direct honesty that rests well in the company of humanistic sans serifs like Franklin Gothic or Gill Sans, appealing to a contemporary sensibility. The lettering on the tomb is in upper case only. Although Gundrada does not sound Norman French to me, her husband certainly and her father probably were Norman French. Nonetheless, the man that carved her tombstone was probably Anglo-Saxon, like most of the people. For that reason, we are quite comfortable with a fairly generic lower case from an Anglo-Saxon document of the time. The time was a time of transition, of contending language influences. This font reflects some of that tension. Features 1. Multi-Lingual Font with 389 glyphs and 698 Kerning Pairs. 2. OpenType GSUB layout features: onum, dlig, liga, salt & hist. 3. Tabular Figures and Alternate Old-Style Figures. 4. Alternate Ruled Caps (line above and below, matching to brackets). 5. Central Europe, Western Europe, Turkish and Baltic Code Pages. 6. Additional accents for Cornish and Old Gaelic. 7. Stylistic alternates A, E, y and #. 8. Ligatures ST, Th, fi and fl. 9. Historic alternate longs. The zip package includes two versions of the font at no extra charge. There is an OTF version which is in Open PS (Post Script Type 1) format and a TTF version which is in Open TT (True Type)format. Use whichever works best for your applications.

I am a HUGE fan of Bernard Cornwell’s ‘The Saxon Stories’. Ever since a television series has been made, the series of books is also know as ‘The Last Kingdom’. I have read them all, at break-neck speed and I can’t wait for the next book!! Wintanceastre (Winchester) is based on a 10th century Latin manuscript. I have tried to stay close to the original letters, but since Latin does not have all modern glyphs, I found myself designing the missing ones. So, before you scold me for having made a font that is historically inaccurate: it was never meant to be an exact replica, nor would anyone want an exact replica, as it would be useless for modern texts and designs. Wintanceastre comes with a whole bunch of ligatures and alternate glyphs. Use it for any design that needs a little ‘Dark Ages’ look!

Petrarka may be described as a Condensed, Sans-Serif, Semi-Fatface Roman. Huh? Bear with me on this. The Fatface is a name given to the popular nineteenth-century romans that where characterized by an extremity of contrast between the thick and thin stroke. The earliest example that is generally familiar is Thorowgood, believed to have been designed by Robert Thorne and released by Thorowgood Foundry in 1820 as "Five-line Pica No. 5." Copied by many foundries, it became one of the more popular advertising types of the day. Later, in the period from about 1890 to 1950, you find a number of typeface designs with the thin stroke beefed up a bit, not quite so extreme. What you might call Semi-Fatfaced Romans begin to replace the extreme Fatfaces. Serifed designs like Bauer’s Bernard Roman Extra Bold and ATF’s Bold Antique appear. In addition, we see the development of semi-fatface lineals or Sans-Serif Semi-Fatfaces. Examples include Britannic (Stephenson Blake), Chambord Bold (Olive), Koloss (Ludwig & Mayer), Matthews (ATF) and Radiant Heavy (Ludlow). Petrarka has much in common with this latter group, but is distinguished by two salient features: it is condensed and it shows a strong blackletter influence, as seen in the ‘H’ particularly. Petrark was released about 1900 by the German foundry of Schelter & Giesecke of Leipzig and is one of the designs of the period that attempts to reconcile roman and blackletter traditions. Making a cameo appearance in this Multi-Lingual font is the Anglo-Saxon letter yogh (#729), which, along with the thorn and the eth, is always useful for preparing flyers in Old English. There are still pockets of resistance to the Norman French influence that washed up on England’s shores in 1066. This font stands with King Canute, seeking to hold back the tide (ignoring the fact that Canute was a Dane). Support the fight to preserve Anglo-Saxon culture. Buy Petrarka ML today. Petrarka Initials brings together the Petrarka upper case letters with a very sympatico Art Nouveau rendering of a female face.

The Vale Press was a contemporary of Willam Morris's Kelmscott Press. The types used by the Vale Press were designed by artist Charles Ricketts, who also supervised the design and printing of Vale Press books. The main type used, Vale, was based on the Jenson 15th century roman type style. The King's Fount was an experimental semi-uncial font based on the Vale type. The King's Fount was designed in 1903 for the Vale edition of the 15h century poem "The Kingis Quair". This semi-uncial font evokes old English and Anglo-Saxon lettering. P22 Vale Pro combines the two fonts P22 Vale Roman and P22 Vale King's Fount into one "Pro" font. This pro font also includes a Central European character set, old style figures, fractions, ornaments and a special faux "Middle English" feature to make "anee text appeer Olde." This feature is not known to exist in any other font.

Let it be known that this font is named for Excalibur, King Arthur's Magic Sword. The font is derived from a note that Arthur hastily penned to his Queen, Guinevere, during a lull in one of his many battles against the Saxons. Arthur's armour was so hefty that he could not easily seat himself, and so to pen his letter to Guinevere he plunged his legendary sword Excalibur into the marshy soil on which he had been fighting and thereby steadied his writing hand with the hasp of his magical sword. This ancient and battle-weary font is based on the writing from a fragment of that original document. It has been heralded by modern scholars as "grunge" writing of great antiquity. The font Excalibur SCF contains a full character set and it is professionally letterspaced and kerned. Use this font to create a feeling of haste, of authentic ancient history, of magical times, of chivalry, of dragons and of brave battles fought.

In 1066, William, duke of Normandy, was invading England. He was demanding the crown for himself, against King Harold the Saxon. He killed Harold and reached the crown at Hastings, the well-known battlefield. A few years later, in Bayeux (Normandy, French)was displayed a large tapestry (almost 70 m long) who was telling the story of the conquest. Along the tapestry was written a comment in Latin, using Roman capitals influenced a little by English or Scandinavian style (as it is visible in the Eth character). We have created the font, inspired from this design, adapted for contemporary users, making difference between U and V, I and J, which has not any relevance for ancient Latin scribes, and naturally with Thorn, Oslash, Lslash... and usual accented characters did not exist at the time. We also have reconstructed the K, German double s and Z, always using patterns of the time. We have scrupulously respected the poetic irregular and distressed original forms with two or three alternate for each characters, including reconstructed numerals.

The gorgeous back-glass artwork for the iconic pinball game Xenon influenced Cyclopentane. The peculiar letter interactions are challenging to employ but pay off handsomely when they communicate your message in such an unusual manner. Most Latin-based European writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kurdish (Latin), Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Uzbek (Latin), Venetian, Vepsian, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec Zulu and Zuni.

Fragile Bombers is a military-themed display typeface. Its crisp letterforms will instill a sense of technological precision in your message. It comes in Regular and two rusted metal finishes. Most Latin-based European writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kurdish (Latin), Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Uzbek (Latin), Venetian, Vepsian, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec Zulu and Zuni.

Buxotic is an unusual display typeface with a kitschy design. Its burlesque letterforms and strange ornamental elements lend it an adults-only aura. Most Latin-based European writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kurdish (Latin), Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Uzbek (Latin), Venetian, Vepsian, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec Zulu and Zuni.

Kwokwi is a drop-shadow pub typeface based on the letterforms of Mikadan. It will offer your message a distinct voice and personality. Most Latin-based European writing systems are supported, including the following languages. Afaan Oromo, Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Alsatian, Aromanian, Aymara, Bashkir (Latin), Basque, Belarusian (Latin), Bemba, Bikol, Bosnian, Breton, Cape Verdean, Creole, Catalan, Cebuano, Chamorro, Chavacano, Chichewa, Crimean Tatar (Latin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dawan, Dholuo, Dutch, English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Gagauz (Latin), Galician, Ganda, Genoese, German, Greenlandic, Guadeloupean Creole, Haitian Creole, Hawaiian, Hiligaynon, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Kaqchikel, Karakalpak (Latin), Kashubian, Kikongo, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kurdish (Latin), Latvian, Lithuanian, Lombard, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Maasai, Makhuwa, Malay, Maltese, Māori, Moldovan, Montenegrin, Ndebele, Neapolitan, Norwegian, Novial, Occitan, Ossetian (Latin), Papiamento, Piedmontese, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rarotongan, Romanian, Romansh, Sami, Sango, Saramaccan, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Latin), Shona, Sicilian, Silesian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Sorbian, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swazi, Swedish, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tetum, Tongan, Tshiluba, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Tuvaluan, Uzbek (Latin), Venetian, Vepsian, Võro, Walloon, Waray-Waray, Wayuu, Welsh, Wolof, Xhosa, Yapese, Zapotec Zulu and Zuni.

The Comic-Script by ingoFonts In the past cartoons used to be lettered by hand. Hardly anyone does this today. The reason is, because hardly anyone has nice handwriting these days, so there are practical advantages in having a special font. However the font should still look like it’s been written by hand. Well, most script fonts don’t meet this requirement. The LeDrôle Lettering is a computer font, but closely resembles genuine handwriting. The model for the LeDrôle Lettering is my personal handwriting, as can be seen on the example of the Biró Script, which is also an ingoFont. The habit of capitalization comes from the Romanic and Anglo-Saxon countries. Depending on the purpose they are designed in three significantly bolder weights. In order for the typeface to actually look handwritten, it needs to have clearly visible irregularities. These are not found only in the shapes of the individual letters. Even though LeDrôle Lettering is all in capital letters, the characters of uppercase and lowercase letters are clearly different. Additionally, many alternative shapes are used, which are automatically applied when the OpenType “Ligatures” feature is activated. Thus, there are no identical double letters or numerals, and many character combinations are defined as ligatures with alternative forms.